Beyond inertia: The science of mechanics in the seventeenth century

超越惯性：十七世纪的力学科学

• 批准号: 0115154
• 负责人: Domenico Meli
• 金额: $ 2.76万
• 依托单位: Indiana University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-09-01 至 2002-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0115154&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Beyond; inertia; science; mechanics; seventeenth

This project the publication of a book tentatively titled "Beyond inertia: the transformation of mechanics in the seventeenth century." In that century the boundaries of mechanics were greatly expanded to include the study of motion and other areas. The study covers all areas of mechanics as it was understood at different times in the century, not just the motion of projectiles and celestial bodies. Therefore, the project investigates the science of waters and the resistance of materials. The project's methods pay close attention to the role of experiments, especially quantitative experiments, and to the mathematics employed. The best way to capture the wealth of domains progressively incorporated is to focus on the objects studied by scholars, including: the lever; the inclined plane; the pendulum; beams; canals; falling, projected, and colliding bodies; slings; springs; vibrating cords; pierced cisterns; hanging chains; bodies moving in resisting media; planets, satellites, and comets. These objects were studied empirically, including their material characteristics, and in abstract form. The study of the tensions between material and abstract objects is one of the defining methodological features of the project. This study covers a major transition period in the history of the mathematical disciplines. The topic is one of the classical elements of the history of science and has been widely examined in history of science courses. Indeed, it is so important as to be often the object of specialized courses, besides being included in all history of science surveys. However, there is no recent or reliable monograph on this central topic. The project advances both knowledge and science education because the book is aimed at both scholars in the field and graduate students. The incorporation of technical material in appendices makes the main portion of the book accessible to a wide audience.

本项目出版了一本书，暂定名为“超越惯性：十七世纪力学的变革”。“在那个世纪，力学的范围大大扩展，包括了对运动和其他领域的研究。这项研究涵盖了世纪不同时期所理解的力学的所有领域，而不仅仅是弹丸和天体的运动。 因此，该项目研究了沃茨的科学和材料的阻力。 该项目的方法密切关注实验的作用，特别是定量实验，并采用数学。要想捕捉到这些领域逐渐融合的财富，最好的方法就是关注学者们研究的对象，包括：杠杆、斜面、钟摆、横梁、运河、下落、投射和碰撞的物体、吊索、弹簧、振动索、刺穿的水槽、悬挂的链条、在阻力介质中运动的物体、行星、卫星和彗星。这些对象进行了经验研究，包括其材料特性，并在抽象的形式。对物质和抽象对象之间的张力的研究是该项目的定义方法论特征之一。这项研究涵盖了数学学科历史上的一个重大过渡时期。该主题是科学史的经典元素之一，在科学史课程中得到了广泛的研究。 事实上，它是如此重要，以至于除了被纳入所有科学史调查之外，还经常成为专门课程的对象。然而，没有最近或可靠的专着对这一中心议题。该项目推进知识和科学教育，因为这本书是针对在该领域的学者和研究生。在附录中加入技术材料使本书的主要部分为广大读者所接受。