Collaborative Research: Science, Technology, and Inequalities

合作研究：科学、技术和不平等

• 批准号: 0117146
• 负责人: Stephen Nelson
• 金额: $ 1.27万
• 依托单位: American Association for the Advancement of Science
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-05-15 至 2002-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0117146&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Science; Technology; Inequalities

This collaborative research involves a literature review, background paper, and preliminary data analysis, to be followed by a planning meeting for extension of the concepts to a follow-on international collaborative project, to be proposed separately at a later date. Concern is rising within the United States about inequality. Rapid economic growth and low unemployment have not translated into equal benefits for all. Some observers have linked the growing income gap to technological change and the accompanying shifts in demands for skills. The economy is creating new high-paying jobs for the well educated in the suburbs, leaving less skilled workers behind in the inner cities, and relegating them to minimum-wage service work. Similarly, nations are growing further apart in standard of living. The gap in average income between the richest and poorest countries is also growing. In developed countries, about five percent of the population lives in extreme poverty, while 20 percent do so in Latin America and East Asia, and 40 percent in Africa and South Asia. These gaps are also linked to development strategies, which in turn depend on a nation's skills and technological infrastructure. The research proposed separately but collaboratively by Georgia Tech and AAAS will support the planning phase of a project to explore the role of science and technology policy in the complex dynamics of inequality, and to develop ways to use S&T policy to counteract the centrifugal forces inherent in technological change. Much of the literature attempts to explain income inequality, both domestically and internationally. Income is only a proxy measure, however, for the actual quality of people's lives. This project focuses instead directly on outcome inequalities. It begins from outcomes in four areas of basic human need: health, food/nutrition, environment, peace/security, plus two intermediate outcome areas, information technology and education/employment. In each area, data on outcomes, nationally and internationally, can be used to analyze the effects of and gaps in research agendas that are linked to them through complex webs of institutional links. These analyses then provide us with conceptual tools to develop options for changes in S&T policy that can help improve outcomes for those who are furthest behind in these areas. Based upon the work of the Georgia Tech scholars, AAAS will convene a working meeting of experts familiar with research on inequalities and/or science and technology policy, to review and critique the work to date and to provide guidance in designing an extension of the concepts to an international collaborative project involving scholars from several continents.

这项合作研究包括文献综述、背景文件和初步数据分析，随后将举行规划会议，将概念扩展到后续国际合作项目，该项目将在稍后单独提出。 美国国内对不平等的担忧正在加剧。快速的经济增长和低失业率并没有转化为所有人的平等福利。一些观察家将收入差距的扩大与技术变革以及随之而来的技能需求的变化联系起来。经济正在为郊区受过良好教育的人创造新的高薪工作，而把技术较低的工人留在市中心，让他们从事最低工资的服务性工作。同样，各国在生活水平上的差距也越来越大。最富有国家和最贫穷国家之间的平均收入差距差距也在扩大。在发达国家，约有5%的人口生活在极端贫困中，拉丁美洲和东亚的极端贫困人口占20%，非洲和南亚的极端贫困人口占40%。这些差距还与发展战略有关，而发展战略又取决于一个国家的技能和技术基础设施。分别提出的研究，但合作格鲁吉亚技术和美国科学促进会将支持一个项目的规划阶段，探讨科学和技术政策的作用，在复杂的动态不平等，并制定方法，利用科技政策，以抵消技术变革中固有的离心力。许多文献试图解释国内和国际的收入不平等。然而，收入只是衡量人民实际生活质量的一个代用指标。该项目直接关注结果不平等。它首先从人类基本需要的四个领域的成果开始：保健、粮食/营养、环境、和平/安全，再加上两个中间成果领域，即信息技术和教育/就业。在每个领域，国家和国际成果数据可用于分析研究议程的影响和差距，这些研究议程通过复杂的机构联系网与这些成果相联系。然后，这些分析为我们提供了概念性工具，以制定科技政策变革的备选方案，从而有助于改善那些在这些领域落后最多的人的成果。 根据格鲁吉亚技术学者的工作，美国科学促进会将召开一次熟悉不平等和/或科学技术政策研究的专家工作会议，审查和批评迄今为止的工作，并为设计将概念扩展到涉及几大洲学者的国际合作项目提供指导。