Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Leadership Strategies in the Halaf Period, Southeastern Turkey, 5300-4500 BC

博士论文改进补助金：哈拉夫时期的领导策略，土耳其东南部，公元前 5300-4500 年

• 批准号: 0118085
• 负责人: Gil Stein
• 金额: $ 1.06万
• 依托单位: Northwestern University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-07-15 至 2003-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0118085&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Leadership

As part of her doctoral dissertation research under the direction of Dr. Gil J. Stein, Rana Ozbal will co-direct excavations at Tell Kurdu, a Halaf Period site, in southeastern Turkey. Traditionally Halaf society of the fifth millennium BC is believed to consist of small-scale farming communities with no clear evidence for hierarchical social organization. Public buildings such as temples or palaces, as well as large villages or towns are conspicuously absent from all Halaf excavations in the Halaf "heartland" of northern Iraq. Recently however, archaeologists, prompted by a newfound academic interest to investigate the Halaf "hinterlands", have begun to conduct research in southeastern Anatolia, modern day Turkey. They have discovered that Turkey harbors several Halaf sites of previously unheard-of sizes. These sites, substantially larger (10-20 hectares) than contemporaneous sites in Iraq (rarely more than 2-3 hectares) are most probably regional centers. Domuztepe, the most intensively investigated of these large sites, yielded evidence for substantial architectural complexes and complex ideological manifestations. In other words, the existing notion that Anatolia was inhabited during the Halaf Period by small farming communities needs to be reexamined. At 15 hectares, Tell Kurdu is an ideal site to investigate new questions on the socio-political organization in Anatolia in the fifth millennium BC. As a co-field director of the Kurdu excavations, Rana Ozbal will be researching the intra-site organization of the site to provide a firsthand look at the functioning of this Anatolian Halaf center. Excavations in 2001 will focus on the expansion of a 1999 trench that yielded the remains of a large monumental building. The size and construction style of this 20 x 20 meter structure, with walls over one meter in thickness, suggest that it may be something other than a domestic residence, possibly having public and/or ritual significance.In order to understand what the building may have been used for, Rana Ozbal will rely on two sources of data. The first will consist of the 'traditional' archaeological materials that the building yields, such as pottery, tools and other artifacts. The second source of information will be gathered from methodologically innovative micro-analyses, which involve chemical testing of the building's floors and recovery and identification of embedded micro-artifacts (artifacts that are less than 1 cm2). This combined research methodology will provide a finer level of resolution for inferring the function of this unusual building and hence for understanding the organizational complexity of Halaf society.

作为吉尔·J·斯坦博士指导的博士论文研究的一部分，拉娜·奥兹巴尔将共同指导土耳其东南部哈拉夫时期的泰尔·库尔杜遗址的发掘工作。传统上，公元前五千年的哈拉夫社会被认为是由小规模的农业社区组成的，没有明确的证据表明有等级社会组织。寺庙或宫殿等公共建筑以及大村庄或城镇显然没有出现在伊拉克北部哈拉夫“心脏地带”的所有哈拉夫挖掘中。然而，最近，考古学家在一种新的学术兴趣的推动下，对哈拉夫“腹地”进行了调查，开始在东南部的安纳托利亚(即今天的土耳其)进行研究。他们发现，土耳其有几个哈拉夫遗址，其大小闻所未闻。这些遗址比伊拉克同期的遗址(很少超过2-3公顷)大得多(10-20公顷)，很可能是区域中心。多穆兹特佩是这些大型遗址中调查最深入的，它为大量的建筑群和复杂的意识形态表现提供了证据。换言之，认为安纳托利亚在哈拉夫时期由小型农业社区居住的现有观念需要重新审视。Tell Kurdu占地15公顷，是研究公元前五千年安纳托利亚社会政治组织新问题的理想地点。作为库尔都发掘的联合现场主任，拉纳·奥兹巴尔将研究该遗址的内部组织，以提供这个安纳托利亚哈拉夫中心运作的第一手资料。2001年的挖掘将集中在1999年的一条战壕的扩建上，该战壕产生了一座巨大的纪念性建筑的遗迹。这座20x20米高、墙壁厚度超过一米的建筑的大小和建筑风格表明，它可能不是住宅，可能具有公共和/或仪式意义。为了了解这座建筑可能被用作什么，拉纳·奥兹巴尔将依赖两个数据来源。第一部分将包括建筑产生的“传统”考古材料，如陶器、工具和其他文物。第二个信息来源将从方法创新的微观分析中收集，其中涉及对建筑物地板进行化学测试，以及恢复和识别埋藏的微小文物(小于1平方厘米的文物)。这种综合的研究方法将为推断这座不同寻常的建筑的功能，从而理解哈拉夫社会的组织复杂性提供更好的解决方案。