World Systems and Alternative Models of Mesopotamian-Anatolian Interaction

世界体系和美索不达米亚-安纳托利亚相互作用的替代模型

• 批准号: 9511329
• 负责人: Gil Stein
• 金额: $ 16.14万
• 依托单位: Northwestern University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-07-15 至 1998-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9511329&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: World; Systems; Alternative; Models; Mesopotamian

With National Science Foundation support, Dr. Gil Stein and his collaborators will conduct one season of fieldwork at the archaeological site of Hacinebi and the following year will analyze the materials they have excavated. Hacinebi is a 3.3 ha. mound strategically located at the major Euphrates river crossing point in southeast Anatolia, overlooking the main trade route from Mesopotamia to the copper and lumber sources located in Turkey's Taurus mountains. The site was inhabited during the 4th millennium BC and the small amount of later overburden makes it possible to expose broad horizontal areas of occupation and provide a representative picture of settlement organization and functions. Excavations in 1992-4 have established that Hacinebi has two main early occupations and artifact distributions in the later one suggest a possible Mesopotamian `colonial` enclave in one corner of this Anatolian settlement. With NSF support, Dr. Stein will expose pre-contact levels at Hacinebi in order to reconstruct economic organization and the degree of social complexity at the site before Mesopotamian expansion. Broad horizontal exposures of the upper level will allow comparison of pre contact and contact organization and in the latter permit examination of the relationship between local and immigrant groups. The first Mesopotamian city states pursued a strategy of aggressive commercial expansion into neighboring areas and recent research has located several sites which have been interpreted as such outposts, established to control trade routes while extracting raw materials in what may be the world's earliest known colonial system. Although some `colonies` have been excavated, virtually nothing is known about either the organization of this system or its effects on the development of local polities. Many archaeologists and historians have speculated on what form such interactions may take and have developed a world systems model which postulates domination of the periphery by the central group. However little data exists to support such a formulation and Dr. Stein has suggested that alternate models may in fact apply. By providing detailed data on local political and economic organization during this critical contact period at Hacinebi, Dr. Stein will conduct the first rigorous archaeological test of such models and will contribute significantly to our understanding of inter-regional interaction in the development and spread of social complexity in the ancient Near East.

在美国国家科学基金会（National Science Foundation）的支持下，吉尔·斯坦（Gil Stein）博士和他的合作者将在哈辛内比考古遗址进行一个季节的实地考察，并在接下来的一年里分析他们挖掘出的材料。Hacinebi占地3.3公顷。位于安纳托利亚东南部幼发拉底河主要过境点的战略要地，俯瞰着从美索不达米亚到位于土耳其托罗斯山脉的铜和木材产地的主要贸易路线。该遗址在公元前4000年就有人居住，后来的少量覆盖层使其有可能暴露出广阔的水平占领区域，并提供了聚落组织和功能的代表性图片。1992年至1992年的发掘已经确定，哈辛内比有两种主要的早期职业，而后一种的人工制品分布表明，在这个安纳托利亚定居点的一个角落里，可能有一个美索不达米亚人的“殖民地”飞地。在国家科学基金会的支持下，斯坦博士将在哈希内比揭示接触前的水平以重建美索不达米亚扩张前的经济组织和社会复杂程度。上层广泛的横向暴露将使接触前组织和接触组织得以比较，而接触后组织则允许考察当地群体和移民群体之间的关系。第一批美索不达米亚城邦采取了一种向邻近地区积极扩张的商业战略，最近的研究发现了几个被解释为前哨的地点，这些地点的建立是为了控制贸易路线，同时提取原材料，这可能是世界上已知最早的殖民体系。虽然出土了一些“殖民地”，但实际上对这一系统的组织结构及其对当地政治发展的影响一无所知。许多考古学家和历史学家推测了这种互动可能采取的形式，并发展了一个世界系统模型，该模型假设中心群体统治外围地区。然而，支持这种说法的数据很少，斯坦博士认为，事实上，其他模型可能也适用。斯坦因博士提供了在哈辛内比这一关键接触时期当地政治和经济组织的详细数据，将对这些模型进行第一次严格的考古测试，并将对我们理解古代近东社会复杂性发展和传播过程中的区域间相互作用作出重大贡献。