PEET: Studies in the Lasiosphaeriaceae II: Monograph of Podospora and Phylogeny of the Lasiosphaeria/Sordariaceae Group (Fungi, Ascomycetes, Sordariales)

PEET：Lasiosphaeriaceae II 的研究：Podospora 专着和 Lasiosphaeria/Sordariaceae 组（真菌、子囊菌、Sordariales）的系统发育

• 批准号: 0118695
• 负责人: Sabine Huhndorf
• 金额: $ 89.4万
• 依托单位: Field Museum of Natural History
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-09-01 至 2009-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0118695&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: PEET; Studies; Lasiosphaeriaceae; II; Monograph

In a continuation of productive studies of the taxonomy and phylogeny of the Sordariales, a large and ecologically important group of ascomycete fungi, Dr. Sabine Huhndorf of the Field Museum and her students and colleagues are focusing on the genus Podospora, one of the largest and most complex in the group (138 species worldwide), and related taxa. The genus is key to understanding relationships in the group, and is ecologically important as a dominant component of the dung decomposer mycota. Previous studies have shown that the large genera Lasiosphaeria and Cercophora form a monophyletic group together with Podospora and the model organisms Neurospora crassa and Sordaria fimicola. These relationships are significantly different from traditional classification schemes. While Podospora species have had a great deal of attention from a morphological standpoint, they have not previously been included in molecular systematic studies; and a revision of the genus incorporating molecular characters is essential for understanding their relationship among other taxa in the Sordariales. This study will serve as a model system for future studies in ascomycete systematics by using a multi-gene approach, incorporating both protein-coding and ribosomal genes, along with morphological characters for determining phylogenetic relationships at the specific, generic and familial levels. Both the monographic and the family level phylogenetic studies will be based on morphological and molecular data obtained from type and other herbarium specimens, newly collected specimens, and cultures. With the aid of digital image capturing systems, this study will produce detailed identification guides for taxa in the Sordariales. Results will be available via hard copy and over the Field Museum Mycology WWW site. The publication of the resulting monographs, specimen databases, on-line image catalog and interactive identification system will greatly assist further studies of ascomycetes by researchers worldwide. The research and training enterprise involves colleague Dr. Greg Mueller at the Field Museum as well as others in Denmark and New Zealand who will assist also with the fieldwork in those countries. Students will also participate in ongoing field work in Costa Rica and Ecuador.This program directly addresses several of the major challenges currently facing ascomycete systematics including: a) rigorously examining patterns of variation in some of the key morphological characters currently used in ascomycete taxonomy, b) stabilizing generic, familial and ordinal concepts using a phylogenetic approach, c) determining taxonomic diversity in tropical countries, d) integrating these data into monographic treatments, and e) training students to become well versed in traditional as well as modern tools and analyses. Understanding the phylogenetic relationships among ascomycetes is important because these fungi play an important role in our living world as decomposers of organic matter and as agents of plant and animal diseases, and as sources of medically and industrially significant compounds.

在继续对Sordariales的分类学和系统发生学进行富有成效的研究中，一个庞大的生态学上重要的子囊菌群真菌，菲尔德博物馆的Sabine Huhndorf博士和她的学生和同事专注于Podospora属，这是该组中最大和最复杂的属之一（全球138种），以及相关的分类群。该属是了解群体关系的关键，作为粪便分解菌群的主要组成部分，在生态学上具有重要意义。以往的研究表明，大属Lasiosphaeria和Cercophora与柄孢属Podospora以及模式生物粗糙脉孢菌Neurospora crassa和Fimicola球壳菌Sordaria fimicola形成一个单系群。 这些关系与传统的分类方案有很大不同。虽然Podospora物种有大量的关注，从形态学的角度来看，他们以前没有被包括在分子系统学研究;和修订的属纳入分子特征是必不可少的理解他们之间的关系在Sordariales的其他类群。本研究将作为一个模式系统，为今后的研究在子囊菌系统学中使用多基因的方法，将蛋白质编码和核糖体基因，沿着形态特征，以确定系统发育关系在特定的，属和家族水平。无论是专题和家庭水平的系统发育研究将基于形态和分子数据从模式标本和其他标本馆标本，新收集的标本，和文化。借助数字图像采集系统，本研究将产生详细的分类鉴定指南在Sordariales。结果将通过硬拷贝和现场博物馆真菌学万维网网站提供。本研究成果的出版、标本数据库、在线图像目录和交互式鉴定系统的建立，将极大地帮助世界各地的研究人员对子囊菌的进一步研究。研究和培训事业涉及菲尔德博物馆的同事格雷格·穆勒博士以及丹麦和新西兰的其他人，他们也将协助这些国家的实地工作。学生还将参加在哥斯达黎加和厄瓜多尔正在进行的实地工作。该计划直接解决了目前面临的几个主要挑战子囊菌系统学，包括：a）严格检查目前用于子囊菌分类学的一些关键形态学特征的变异模式，B）使用系统发生方法稳定属、科和序数概念，c）确定热带国家的分类多样性，d）将这些数据整合到专题处理中，以及e）培训学生精通传统和现代工具和分析。了解子囊菌之间的系统发育关系是很重要的，因为这些真菌在我们的生活世界中扮演着重要的角色，作为有机物质的分解者，作为植物和动物疾病的代理人，以及作为医学和工业重要化合物的来源。