ITR/SY: Center for Modeling of Quantum Dynamics, Relaxation and Decoherence in Solid-State Physics for Information-Technology Applications

这笔赠款是提交给信息技术研究(ITR)倡议的一项提案的结果。这笔拨款支持信息技术应用固态物理中的量子动力学、驰豫和退相干建模中心。该理论研究中心将研究相干、受控量子动力学的固态实现，以支持最近在量子信息处理方面建立的实验努力。该中心最初的研究重点将是少量子比特系统和多量子比特系统的理论研究，其中量子比特相互作用、弛豫和退相干的介质是包含二维电子气的半导体异质结构。对于量子计算应用，后者通常被认为是在低温和强磁场下，对应于量子霍尔效应的条件。该项目包括探索与固态量子计算相关的主要研究课题，例如与单量子(单自旋)测量思想相关的输运，或门对量子比特相互作用控制、弛豫和退相干的影响。由于在实现用于计算的量子相干器件方面出现了几个大规模的实验努力，该中心将响应日益增长的研究需求，探索此类器件设计的有前途的方向。理论中心将提供一个额外的基本和总体方法，补充目标导向的实验努力。该中心将开展多体物理技术在量子信息系统分析中的应用研究，包括驰豫、退相干、测量和量子输运特性；教育下一代关注量子计算机实现和应用的科学家；通过出版物、会议、研讨会和互访等方式形成这一新兴固体物理领域的科学网络。这个跨学科中心的成员包括具有数学和计算机科学、电气和计算机工程、材料科学和物理背景的人。%**

This grant is the result of a proposal submitted to the Information Technology Research (ITR) Initiative. The grant supports a Center for Modeling of Quantum Dynamics, Relaxation and Decoherence in Solid State Physics for Information Technology Applications.The theoretical research center will investigate solid state implementation of coherent, controlled quantum dynamics in support of the recently established experimental efforts in quantum information processing. The initial research focus of the center will be on the theoretical study of few- and multi-qubit systems where the medium for the qubit interaction, relaxation, and decoherence is a semiconductor heterostructure containing a two-dimensional electron gas. For quantum computing applications, the latter is frequently considered at low temperature and high magnetic fields, corresponding to the conditions of the quantum Hall effect. This project includes exploration of the main research topics of relevance to quantum computing in the solid state, for instance, transport associated with single-quantum (single-spin) measurement ideas, or effects of gates on qubit interaction control, relaxation and decoherence.Owing to the emergence of several large-scale experimental efforts in implementing quantum coherent devices for computation, the center will respond to the growing need for research into promising directions of the design of such devices. The theory center will provide an added fundamental and overarching approach complementing goal-oriented experimental efforts. The center will provide research in the application of many-body physics techniques to the analysis of quantum information systems, including relaxation, decoherence, measurement, and quantum transport features; education of the next generation of scientists who will be concerned with the implementation and application of quantum computers; formation of the scientific network in this emerging field of solid state physics by means of publications, conferences, seminars and exchange visits. Members of this interdisciplinary center include those with backgrounds in mathematics and computer science, electrical and computer engineering, materials science and physics.%%%***