Qing Coinage, 1850 to 1911: Mint Statistics, Numismatic Evidence, and Monetary Policy

硬币可以提供一个国家历史上经济健康状况的一面极其真实的镜子。这一点对于中国帝国晚期的货币化经济来说尤其如此。在拟议的中国和东亚货币、市场和金融研究小组的范围内，本项目将对清朝硬币和硬币进行详尽的分析。这项基于钱币学和文献证据的研究之所以成为可能，是因为它将使用沃纳·伯格（Werner Burger）拥有的世界上最完整的清朝钱币收藏，以及他同样全面的清朝所有造币厂的日常行政文件收藏。钱币学分析将导致这一有形来源对这一时期的货币和金融历史产生深远的影响。根据对硬币本身的仔细比较和从档案文件中获得的资料，将按年份和造币厂编制造币统计数字。这些数据将提供几乎完整的数据序列，构成一套精确的清代货币经济数据。他们的分析将使人们对所讨论期间的经济和政治变化和发展的现实有新的认识。

Coins can provide an astonishingly truthful mirror of a country¿s economic health through history. This is particularly true for the monetarised economy of late imperial China. Within the scope of the proposed research group ¿Monies, Markets and Finance in China and East Asia,¿ this project will undertake an exhaustive analysis of Qing dynasty coins and coinage. This research on the basis of numismatic and documentary evidence has become possible because it will use the most complete collection of Qing coins worldwide, held by Werner Burger, and his equally comprehensive collection of routine administrative documents on all mints of the Qing Empire. The numismatic analysis will lead on to far-reaching implications provided by this tangible source for the period¿s monetary and financial history. Based on the close comparative scrutiny of the coins themselves and on information obtained from archival documents, mint statistics arranged by year and by mint will be compiled. These will offer almost unbroken data sequences, constituting a set of precise monetary and economic data for the Qing dynasty. Their analysis will provide new insights into the realities of economic and political changes and developments in the period under discussion.