Collaborative Research: Comparative and Quantitative Studies of Protistan Molecular Ecology and Physiology in Coastal Antarctic Waters

合作研究：南极沿海水域原生生物分子生态学和生理学的比较和定量研究

• 批准号: 0125833
• 负责人: Rebecca Gast
• 金额: $ 39万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-03-15 至 2007-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0125833&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Comparative; Quantitative; Studies

Gast0125833Phototrophic and heterotrophic protists are ubiquitous in extreme cold-water environments where they are central to the production and utilization of energy and the cycling of elements. The dominance of protists in Antarctic food webs indicates major ecological and biogeochemical roles for these unicellular eukaryotes. Understanding the structure and diversity of these communities, and the adaptations that allow these assemblages to flourish near the lower limit of temperature in the ocean, is of fundamental importance to biological oceanography and to understanding the activities and evolution of life on our planet. The diversity of protistan assemblages has traditionally been studied using microscopy and morphological characterization. Due to the tedious nature of this approach and the inherent lack of taxonomic characters associated with most small protists, these approaches are inadequate for ecological studies of these communities. Molecular methods that utilize gene sequences for the identification and quantitation of naturally occurring protists offer a solution to this problem. This project will address issues of protistan community structure, population abundance, and adaptation to life in extreme cold through molecular and physiological studies on assemblages in the seawater and ice habitats of the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Research will focus primarily on species of phagotrophic protists (protozoa) which are ecologically important but for which no information currently exists. The work is designed to contribute new understanding concerning the biodiversity of protistan assemblages of coastal Antarctica, provide tools for ecological studies of these assemblages, and produce benchmark data on the basic physiological processes of protistan species in this extreme cold-water environment.

Gast0125833光养和异养原生生物在极端冷水环境中无处不在，它们是能量生产和利用以及元素循环的中心。原生生物在南极食物网中的优势表明，这些单细胞真核生物在生态和生物地球化学方面发挥了重要作用。了解这些群落的结构和多样性，以及使这些群落在海洋温度下限附近蓬勃发展的适应，对于生物海洋学和了解地球上生命的活动和演化是至关重要的。原生生物组合的多样性传统上是用显微镜和形态特征来研究的。由于这种方法的繁琐性质以及与大多数小型原生动物相关的固有分类特征的缺乏，这些方法不足以用于这些群落的生态研究。利用基因序列对自然产生的原生生物进行鉴定和定量的分子方法为这一问题提供了解决方案。该项目将通过对南极洲罗斯海海水和冰生境中的群落进行分子和生理学研究，解决原生动物群落结构、种群丰度和对极端寒冷生活的适应问题。研究将主要集中在食性原生动物(原生动物)的物种上，这些物种在生态上很重要，但目前没有关于它们的信息。这项工作旨在促进对南极沿海原生生物组合生物多样性的新理解，为这些组合的生态学研究提供工具，并产生关于极端冷水环境中原生生物基本生理过程的基准数据。