Disadvantaged Second Generations: The Socioeconomic Incorporation of Mexicans in the U.S. and Maghrebins in France

该项目是美国和法国研究人员的合作项目，旨在对美国和法国移民的第二代融合进行系统的比较研究。考察一个社会所能发现的更广泛的背景，有助于澄清每一种相互竞争的合并理论模型-古典同化、分段同化和种族多元化-最适用的情况，以及所涉及的因果机制。目的是研究法国和美国最大的移民群体的第二代的社会经济融合。马格里布，即，前者是北非穆斯林，后者是墨西哥人。这两个群体的情况有许多相似之处，这表明它们可能或多或少处于合并的平行轨道上。他们所进入的社会都有同化作为融合移民后代的主要方式的强大历史，但所涉群体来自与东道国社会有着殖民或半殖民关系的国家。印象性和系统性证据都表明，他们遭受偏见和歧视，他们的第二代（就墨西哥人而言，第三代）表现出各种不利条件，从辍学率较高到集中从事低技能工作。因此，迄今为止的证据使人不清楚经典同化模式和分段同化模式中哪一种更适用，以及在什么情况下更适用。如果墨西哥人和马格里布人的社会经济轨迹在系统的比较中是相似的，这可能会导致对这两个社会中群体地位的理解的重新评估-在美国，这可能需要对分段同化模型进行一些修改，该模型到目前为止与美国特有的特征相关联（例如，种族隔离）;在法国，对马格里布劣势来源的理解进行了修正，这种劣势受到宗教独特性的严重影响。这项研究将基于对两国一些微观数据集的多层次模型的分析--在美国，我们将使用1979年的国家纵向研究和1988年的国家教育纵向研究; 2在法国，我们将使用四个不同的研究，包括1993年的Fonnation-Qualification-Questelle（“Fonnation-Qualification-Questelle”）和Cereq的“Generation 1992”。 所有的研究都提供了一个可比较的变量范围，衡量家庭出身，学校成绩和早期劳动力市场经验的主要变量。

The project, a collaboration between U.S. and French researchers, is an attempt to conduct systematic comparative research on second-generation incorporation of immigrants in the US and France. Examination of a wider range of contexts than can be found in one society alone can help to clarify the circumstances under which each of the competing theoretical models of incorporation--classical assimilation, segmented assimilation, and ethnic pluralism-best applies and the causal mechanisms involved. The intent is to study the socioeconomic incorporation of the second generation of the largest immigrant groups in France and the U.S.- Maghrebins, i.e., Muslim North Africans, in the former and Mexicans in the latter. A number of similarities in the situations of these two groups suggest that they may be on more or less parallel tracks of incorporation. The societies they have entered both have strong histories of assimilation as the principal mode of incorporating the descendants of immigrants, but the groups in question come from countries that have endured colonial or semi-colonial relationships to the host societies. Both impressionistic and systematic evidence indicate that they suffer from prejudice and discrimination and that their second generations (and, in the case of Mexicans, their third) evidence a variety of disadvantages, from higher rates of early departure from school to concentration in low-skill jobs. Thus, the evidence to date leaves it unclear which of the models of classic and segmented assimilation better applies and under what circumstances. If the socioeconomic trajectories of Mexicans and Maghrebins turn out to be similar in a systematic comparison, this could lead to a re-evaluation of the understanding of the position of the groups in both societies-in the U.S., this could entail some revision in the segmented-assimilation model, which is so far tied to features specific to the U.S. (e.g., racial segregation); and in France, to a revision in the understanding of the source of Maghrebin disadvantage, which is heavily colored by religious distinctiveness. The research will be based on analysis with multi-level models of a number of micro-level data sets in both countries-in the U.S., we will use the National Longitudinal Study of 1979 and the National Educational Longitudinal Study of 1988; in France, we will use four different studies, including the FQP ("Fonnation-Qualification-Professionelle") of 1993 and the "Generation 1992" of Cereq. All the studies offer a comparable range of variables measuring family origins, school achievement, and early labor-market experiences on major variables..