CAREER: Disinfection Using Membranes: Optimizing Virus and Disinfection By-Product Control

0134301Chellam本研究的最终目标是开发工具，以预测通过膜去除致病病毒和潜在致癌，致突变和致畸消毒副产品的前体，作为减少饮用水中微生物和化学风险的一步。 本文的工作基于以下假设：1.天然有机物（NOM）在纳滤膜中的扩散受阻，导致其在氯化过程中形成有毒的消毒副产物（DBPs）.致病病毒的扩散对它们在微过滤器和超过滤器中的运输有很大贡献，并且其对水化学、温度和孔径的依赖性可以量化。膜孔径分布和NOM和病毒在膜中的传输参数的直接测量可以被纳入理论模型，以预测其removal.Even早期的研究已经进行了反渗透盐的扩散传输，本次调查将是第一次进行直接测量的NOM跨纳滤膜扩散。 NOM，DBP前体和病毒跨膜的运输将进行实验和理论研究。 这些污染物在不同的水化学条件下跨膜的对流和扩散的直接测量将通过进行受阻运输的数值计算来解释。 普遍适用的模型（独立的膜使用和源水的位置），以预测三卤甲烷和卤乙酸的形态在“限制”沃茨（低NOM含量）也将派生。

0134301ChellamThe ultimate goal of this research is to develop tools to predict the removal of pathogenic viruses and precursors to potentially carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic disinfection by products by membranes as a step towards reducing microbial and chemical risks in drinking water. The proposed work is based on the following hypotheses:1. Hindered diffusion of natural organic matter (NOM) contributes significantly to its transport across nanofiltration membranes leading to formation of toxic disinfection by-products (DBPs) upon chlorination.2. Diffusion of pathogenic viruses contributes substantially to their transport across microfilters and ultrafilters and its dependence on water chemistry, temperature, and pore size can be quantified.3. Direct measurements of membrane pore size distributions and transport parameters of NOM and viruses in membranes can be incorporated into theoretical models to predict their removal.Even though early research had been conducted on diffusive transport of salts across reverse osmosis, this investigation will be the first to perform direct measurements of NOM diffusion across nanofiltration membranes. Transport of NOM, DBP precursors, and viruses across membranes will be investigated experimentally and theoretically. Direct measurements of convection and diffusion of these contaminants across membranes under varying water chemistry conditions will be interpreted by undertaking numerical calculations of hindered transport. Universally applicable models (independent of membrane used and source water location) to predict trihalomethane and haloacetic acid speciation in "precursor-limited" waters (low NOM content) will also be derived.