CAREER: Integrating Time-Variant Source Directivity into Architectural Acoustic Auralizations

该项目将升级和整合美国的建筑声学研究和教育。研究的重点是在对可听化的理解和建模方面的基本进展，即从物理或计算模型中可听地模拟空间中的听力体验的过程。该计算程序已被用于建筑空间的声学预测和设计，但其准确性和现实性受到几何因素、材料特性知识和时不变声源指向性的使用的限制。该项目计划实施实时改变震源方向性，以提高可听化的准确性。还将进行心理声学主观测试，以便可以量化(A)使用全方位时不变源的传统可听化、(B)具有时变源方向性的可听化和(C)来自真实空间中实际源的测量结果之间的知觉差异。随着技术的改进，可听化将推动建筑环境中的声学研究，并可能对许多其他领域产生影响。真实的声场可以在受控的实验室环境中重建并在人体上进行测试，以进行心理声学研究；可听化的声场可以用于训练视力受损的人；可以评估工作环境中的噪声质量及其对生产力的影响。与国外一样，美国目前缺乏建筑声学研究和教育的技术中心。PI计划在内布拉斯加州大学-林肯建筑工程项目中推广这样一个中心。建筑声学的意义和兴奋将通过让所有级别的人都能接触到的方式来传达：在必修的本科和研究生声学课程中；在研究生的指导下，本科生有机会完成部分研究；通过接触当地的高中，让年轻的学生可以作为测试对象或帮助测量真实空间，例如他们自己的教室。

This project will escalate and integrate architectural acoustics research and education in the United States. The research focus is on fundamental advances in understanding and modeling of auralization, or the process in which the listening experience in a space is audibly simulated from a physical or computational model. The computational procedure is already being used in the prediction and design of the acoustics in built spaces, but its accuracy and realism are limited by geometrical considerations, knowledge of material properties, and the use of time-invariant sound source directivity. This project plans to implement changing source directivity in real time to improve the accuracy of auralizations. Psychoacoustic subjective tests will also be run, so that perceptual differences may be quantified between (a) traditional auralizations using omnidirectional time-invariant sources, (b) auralizations with time-variant source directivity, and (c) measured results from actual sources in real spaces. With improvements, auralization will advance the study of acoustics in the built environment and potentially impact many other fields. Realistic sound fields can be recreated and tested on humans in controlled laboratory environments for psychoacoustic studies; auralized sound fields may be used to train people who are vision-impaired; and assessments may be made of noise quality in work environments and how that impacts productivity. The United States currently lacks a technical center for architectural acoustics research and education, as is found overseas. The PI plans to promote such a hub within the University of Nebraska - Lincoln Architectural Engineering program. The significance and excitement about building acoustics will be conveyed by making the auralization research accessible to all levels: in required undergraduate and graduate acoustics classes; in opportunities for undergraduates to complete segments of the research, mentored by graduate students; and through outreach to local high schools so younger students may participate as test subjects or aid with measurements of real spaces, such as their own classrooms.