Merit Aid and Sorting: The Effects of HOPE-Style Scholarships on College Stratification by Ability, Race and Gender

优异资助和排序：HOPE 式奖学金对按能力、种族和性别进行大学分层的影响

• 批准号: 0137074
• 负责人: Christopher Cornwell
• 金额: $ 17.61万
• 依托单位: University of Georgia Research Foundation Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-05-15 至 2005-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0137074&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Merit; Aid; Sorting; Effects; HOPE

Over the past decade, aid for post-secondary schooling has become increasingly tied to merit. During this period, a number of state governments have committed millions of dollars to merit aid, in most cases dropping means tests entirely. The model for these state actions has been Georgia's HOPE ("Helping Outstanding Pupils Educationally") Scholarship. Introduced in 1993, the HOPE Scholarship covers tuition, fees, and book expenses for students attending Georgia public colleges, and provides a subsidy of comparable value to students attending in-state private colleges, without any income restrictions. Since its inception, more than $1.2 billion of HOPE scholarship aid has been distributed to over 525,000 students. The relative price changes induced by HOPE-style aid influence several important enrollment decisions: in-state versus out-of-state, 2-year versus 4-year, labor-market versus 2-year (or 4-year). Student movements along these margins raise important questions about the effects of merit aid on student sorting. This study will examine the degree to which programs like HOPE lead to college stratification by ability race and gender. Individual sorting is a pervasive fact of life. Resources early in life determine in large part the level and quality of a person's postsecondary education. From the perspective of sorting, parental resources determine where you live and where begin your schooling, which enhance a child's college prospects. A college degree, in turn, improves labor and marriage market opportunities. Thus, to the extent merit is correlated with household income, programs like the HOPE Scholarship reinforce the effects of sorting patterns established prior to the college enrollment decision.

在过去的十年里，对高等教育的援助越来越与成绩挂钩。 在此期间，许多州政府承诺提供数百万美元的援助，在大多数情况下完全放弃经济状况调查。 这些国家行动的典范是佐治亚州的 HOPE（“帮助优秀学生教育”）奖学金。 HOPE 奖学金于 1993 年推出，涵盖佐治亚州公立大学学生的学费、杂费和书本费，并为就读州内私立大学的学生提供同等价值的补贴，没有任何收入限制。自设立以来，超过 12 亿美元的 HOPE 奖学金已分发给超过 525,000 名学生。 HOPE 式援助引起的相对价格变化会影响几个重要的入学决策：州内与州外、2 年制与 4 年制、劳动力市场与 2 年制（或 4 年制）。这些边缘的学生运动引发了关于奖学金对学生分类的影响的重要问题。 这项研究将检验像 HOPE 这样的项目在多大程度上导致大学按能力种族和性别分层。个人分类是生活中普遍存在的事实。生命早期的资源在很大程度上决定了一个人高等教育的水平和质量。从排序的角度来看，父母的资源决定了你住在哪里、从哪里开始上学，从而提高孩子的大学前景。大学学位反过来又可以改善劳动力和婚姻市场的机会。因此，在一定程度上，成绩与家庭收入相关，像 HOPE 奖学金这样的项目强化了大学录取决定之前建立的排序模式的影响。