A Broad Research Program in the Sciences of Complexity

复杂性科学的广泛研究计划

• 批准号: 0200500
• 负责人: Geoffrey West
• 金额: $ 317.6万
• 依托单位: Santa Fe Institute
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-09-01 至 2007-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0200500&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Broad; Research; Program; Sciences; Complexity

The Santa Fe Institute (SFI) will build significantly upon its successes to date in conducting transdisciplinary research toward understanding the complex behaviors arising in systems composed of relatively simple, highly interacting components. Specifically, SFI will study the emergent behaviors of real complex systems whose components are themselves complex-genetic regulatory networks, financial markets and social institutions for example-through mathematical investigation and simulation in concert with empirical studies and data analysis. Researchers involved in these activities will come from many disciplines, including biology, physics, mathematics, computation, and the social behavioral, and economic sciences.Integration and synthesis underlie this research, which is thus complementary to the more well-established methods of reduction and analysis that characterize disciplinary science. It is, of course, essential that complex systems such as the immune system or the global economy be decomposed into their constituent parts and that the behavior of these parts be elucidated as completely as possible for the subsequent understanding of the system as a whole. But in addition to understanding these constituents, understanding of their collective organization is required. It is necessary to refer separately to the parts and their organization to call attention to the fact that the properties of the parts alone do not uniquely determine their collective organization; there are many organizational structures possible with the same parts. Furthermore, the observed organization, or the emergent collective entity, is itself perpetuated independently of its parts. Thus, a market persists even as the individual traders turn over, an ecosystem persists even as the organisms die and are replaced, a cell persists, though its molecules degrade. SFI will further develop the fertile concept of emergence by strengthening the theoretical understanding of emergence through rigorous mathematical study direct and by intensive study of empirical data from specific real-world complex phenomena, including: Structure and Dynamics of Networks, Novelty in Evolution, Computation in Nature, Market Evolution, and Human Behavior and the Emergent Properties of Social Structures.

圣达菲研究所（SFI）将在其迄今为止在跨学科研究方面取得的成功的基础上，进一步了解由相对简单、高度相互作用的组件组成的系统中产生的复杂行为。 具体来说，SFI将研究真实的复杂系统的涌现行为，这些系统的组成部分本身就很复杂，例如基因调控网络、金融市场和社会机构，通过数学调查和模拟，结合实证研究和数据分析。 参与这些活动的研究人员将来自多个学科，包括生物学、物理学、数学、计算、社会行为学和经济学。整合和综合是这项研究的基础，因此，它是对学科科学中更成熟的还原和分析方法的补充。 当然，将免疫系统或全球经济这样的复杂系统分解成它们的组成部分，并尽可能完整地阐明这些部分的行为，以便随后理解整个系统，这是至关重要的。 但是，除了了解这些组成部分，还需要了解它们的集体组织。 有必要单独提及部件及其组织，以提请注意这样一个事实，即部件的属性本身并不唯一地决定它们的集体组织;相同部件可能有许多组织结构。 此外，被观察到的组织，或涌现的集体实体，本身是独立于其部分而永久存在的。 因此，即使个体交易者交易，市场仍然存在;即使生物体死亡并被取代，生态系统仍然存在;即使细胞的分子退化，细胞仍然存在。 SFI将通过严格的数学研究直接加强对涌现的理论理解，并通过对来自特定现实世界复杂现象的经验数据的深入研究，进一步发展涌现的肥沃概念，包括：网络的结构和动力学，进化中的新奇，自然计算，市场进化，人类行为和社会结构的涌现特性。