Urban Infrastructure Services in a Time of Crisis: Lessons from Septerber 11th

现有基础设施的质量似乎在9·11事件后恢复生活质量方面发挥了重要作用，包括人口的安全和保障。这项探索性研究侧重于关于2001年9月11日纽约世贸中心(WTC)遭受恐怖袭击之前、期间和之后提供的城市基础设施服务的时间敏感型数据和实地研究。这项研究的目的是更好地了解城市基础设施系统在关键条件下的行为、弹性和恢复，目的是概括导致弹性基础设施的设计和管理(运营和政策)特征。了解基础设施在修复中的作用涉及检查多个级别的设施和服务星座、事件对它们的影响、这些服务在事件发生前的状况以及系统的反弹能力。因此，这项研究探讨了会前基础设施状况、服务中断和基础设施弹性。历史先例和类比以及应对和恢复的趋势，是评估基础设施最初的脆弱性和恢复期间设施服务随后的复原力的关键组成部分。研究还将包括对交通、能源、电信、供水、下水道和固体废物管理的影响进行评估。这项研究将确定应急中使用的业绩框架、产出，如反映管理安排、系统复原力和可转移到新情况的措施。此外，将审查设施之间的相互作用，寻求对基础设施系统的概括，以及关于基础设施组织如何合作的共同经验教训。这些经验教训提供了更广泛的影响，以改进对未来灾难的准备和反应，无论这些灾难是由自然、技术还是故意机制引起的。这项研究还将在全市和区域的基础设施服务范围内进行，从而为其他城市和区域提供有价值的信息。

The quality of existing infrastructure appears to have played an important role in restoring the quality of life after September 11th, including the safety and security of the population. This exploratory research focuses on time sensitive data and field research on urban infrastructure services provided before, during, and after the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center (WTC) in New York City, NY on September 11, 2001. The objective of this research is to better understand urban infrastructure systems behavior, resilience, and recovery under critical conditions with the aim of generalizing design and management (both operational and policy) characteristics that lead to resilient infrastructure. Understanding the role of infrastructure in restoration involves examining a constellation of facilities and services at many levels, the impact of the event on them, the conditions of these services prior to the event, and the ability of the system to rebound. The research, therefore, explores pre-event infrastructure condition, service interruption, and infrastructure resiliency. Historical precedents and analogies as well as the trends in response and recovery are critical components of the evaluation of both initial vulnerability of the infrastructure and subsequent resiliency of the facilities services during the restoration period. The research will also include an evaluation of the impacts on the transport, energy, telecommunications, water, sewer, and solid waste management. The research will identify performance frameworks used in the emergency response, outputs such as measures that reflect management arrangements, system resiliency, and transferability to new situations. Moreover, interactions among the facilities will be examined, generalizations across infrastructure systems will be sought, as well as common lessons about how infrastructure organizations work together. Such lessons offer the broader impact of improved preparedness and response to future catastrophes, regardless of whether they are induced by natural, technological, or deliberate mechanisms. The research will also be conducted in the context of infrastructure services citywide and regionally and will thus provide valuable information to other municipalities and regions.