Urban Infrastructure Services in a Time of Crisis: Lessons from Septerber 11th

现有基础设施的质量似乎在9 / 11之后恢复生活质量方面发挥了重要作用，包括人口的安全和保障。本探索性研究侧重于在2001年9月11日纽约世界贸易中心（WTC）遭受恐怖袭击之前、期间和之后提供的城市基础设施服务的时间敏感数据和实地研究。本研究的目的是更好地理解城市基础设施系统在关键条件下的行为、弹性和恢复能力，旨在概括导致弹性基础设施的设计和管理（包括运营和政策）特征。要了解基础设施在恢复中的作用，需要在多个层面检查一系列设施和服务，事件对它们的影响，事件发生前这些服务的状况，以及系统的恢复能力。因此，本研究探讨了事件发生前的基础设施条件、服务中断和基础设施弹性。历史先例和类比以及响应和恢复的趋势是评估基础设施初始脆弱性和随后恢复期间设施服务弹性的关键组成部分。这项研究还将包括对交通、能源、电信、水、下水道和固体废物管理的影响的评估。该研究将确定应急响应中使用的绩效框架、反映管理安排的措施等产出、系统弹性以及对新情况的可转移性。此外，将检查设施之间的相互作用，将寻求跨基础设施系统的概括，以及关于基础设施组织如何协同工作的共同经验教训。这些经验教训为改进对未来灾难的准备和反应提供了更广泛的影响，无论这些灾难是由自然、技术还是人为机制引起的。该研究还将在全市和区域基础设施服务的背景下进行，从而将为其他城市和地区提供有价值的信息。

The quality of existing infrastructure appears to have played an important role in restoring the quality of life after September 11th, including the safety and security of the population. This exploratory research focuses on time sensitive data and field research on urban infrastructure services provided before, during, and after the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center (WTC) in New York City, NY on September 11, 2001. The objective of this research is to better understand urban infrastructure systems behavior, resilience, and recovery under critical conditions with the aim of generalizing design and management (both operational and policy) characteristics that lead to resilient infrastructure. Understanding the role of infrastructure in restoration involves examining a constellation of facilities and services at many levels, the impact of the event on them, the conditions of these services prior to the event, and the ability of the system to rebound. The research, therefore, explores pre-event infrastructure condition, service interruption, and infrastructure resiliency. Historical precedents and analogies as well as the trends in response and recovery are critical components of the evaluation of both initial vulnerability of the infrastructure and subsequent resiliency of the facilities services during the restoration period. The research will also include an evaluation of the impacts on the transport, energy, telecommunications, water, sewer, and solid waste management. The research will identify performance frameworks used in the emergency response, outputs such as measures that reflect management arrangements, system resiliency, and transferability to new situations. Moreover, interactions among the facilities will be examined, generalizations across infrastructure systems will be sought, as well as common lessons about how infrastructure organizations work together. Such lessons offer the broader impact of improved preparedness and response to future catastrophes, regardless of whether they are induced by natural, technological, or deliberate mechanisms. The research will also be conducted in the context of infrastructure services citywide and regionally and will thus provide valuable information to other municipalities and regions.