Urban Infrastructure Services in a Time of Crisis: Lessons from Septerber 11th

现有基础设施的质量似乎在恢复9月11日之后的生活质量方面发挥了重要作用，包括人口的安全和保障。本探索性研究的重点是时间敏感的数据和现场研究的城市基础设施服务提供之前，期间和之后的恐怖袭击事件发生在纽约市，纽约2001年9月11日。本研究的目的是更好地了解城市基础设施系统的行为，弹性和关键条件下的恢复，目的是概括设计和管理（运营和政策）的特点，导致弹性基础设施。要了解基础设施在恢复中的作用，需要检查多个级别的设施和服务，事件对它们的影响，事件发生前这些服务的状况以及系统的反弹能力。因此，这项研究探讨了事件发生前的基础设施状况、服务中断和基础设施弹性。历史先例和类比以及应对和恢复的趋势是评估基础设施最初脆弱性和恢复期间设施服务随后复原力的关键组成部分。该研究还将包括对交通、能源、电信、水、下水道和固体废物管理的影响的评估。这项研究将确定应急反应中使用的绩效框架，产出，如反映管理安排的措施，系统弹性和可转移到新情况的能力。此外，还将研究设施之间的相互作用，寻求基础设施系统之间的普遍性，以及基础设施组织如何协同工作的共同经验教训。这些经验教训提供了更广泛的影响，改善了对未来灾难的准备和反应，无论它们是由自然，技术或故意机制引起的。还将在全市和区域范围内开展基础设施服务研究，从而为其他城市和区域提供宝贵的信息。

The quality of existing infrastructure appears to have played an important role in restoring the quality of life after September 11th, including the safety and security of the population. This exploratory research focuses on time sensitive data and field research on urban infrastructure services provided before, during, and after the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center (WTC) in New York City, NY on September 11, 2001. The objective of this research is to better understand urban infrastructure systems behavior, resilience, and recovery under critical conditions with the aim of generalizing design and management (both operational and policy) characteristics that lead to resilient infrastructure. Understanding the role of infrastructure in restoration involves examining a constellation of facilities and services at many levels, the impact of the event on them, the conditions of these services prior to the event, and the ability of the system to rebound. The research, therefore, explores pre-event infrastructure condition, service interruption, and infrastructure resiliency. Historical precedents and analogies as well as the trends in response and recovery are critical components of the evaluation of both initial vulnerability of the infrastructure and subsequent resiliency of the facilities services during the restoration period. The research will also include an evaluation of the impacts on the transport, energy, telecommunications, water, sewer, and solid waste management. The research will identify performance frameworks used in the emergency response, outputs such as measures that reflect management arrangements, system resiliency, and transferability to new situations. Moreover, interactions among the facilities will be examined, generalizations across infrastructure systems will be sought, as well as common lessons about how infrastructure organizations work together. Such lessons offer the broader impact of improved preparedness and response to future catastrophes, regardless of whether they are induced by natural, technological, or deliberate mechanisms. The research will also be conducted in the context of infrastructure services citywide and regionally and will thus provide valuable information to other municipalities and regions.