Tracking Practices, Opportunity to Learn, and Achievement in Mathematics: An International Perspective from TIMSS

这个为期25个月的项目的目标是利用TIMSS和TIMSS- r的数据，提供一个跨国视角来跟踪数学实践，因为它们与学习机会和成就有关。更具体地说，要研究的问题是：普遍性和趋势——数学中跟踪的做法有多普遍？随着时间和年级的变化趋势是什么？分析跟踪和未跟踪的数学课程-在每个国家，与跟踪和未跟踪的数学课程相关的统计指标是什么？跟踪、学习机会和成绩-在每个国家，在数学中使用或不使用跟踪实践与总体和特定学生群体（如性别、种族）的学习机会和成绩之间的关系如何？对美国的影响-结果对政策制定者和教育工作者在OTL和公平问题上的影响是什么？跟踪的学校数据文件将链接到学生数据文件。另外，还将建立“教室追踪指数”，以确定学校内的追踪教室。数学教师调查问卷将用于探讨在线教学的问题。问卷中列出的数学题目数量将用于测试跟踪和非跟踪班级之间的OTL差异。

The goal of this 25-month project is to provide a cross-national perspective on tracking practices in mathematics as they relate to opportunity to learn and achievement using data from TIMSS and TIMSS-R. More specifically, the questions to study are: Prevalence and Trends -- How prevalent is the practice of tracking in mathematics? What are the trends over time and across grades? Profiling Tracked and Untracked Math Classes - Within each country, what indicators are statistically associated with tracked and untracked mathematics classes? Tracking, Opportunity to Learn, and Achievement - Within each country, how does the use or non-use of tracking practices in mathematics relate to opportunity to learn and achievement, both overall and for particular student groups (e.g., gender, race)? Implications for the US - What are the implications of results for policy makers and educators in relation to OTL and issues on equity? School data files on tracking will be linked to the student data file. A classroom-tracking index will be created to identify within school tracking classrooms. The Mathematics Teachers Questionnaire will be used to explore issues on OTL. The number of mathematics topics listed in the questionnaire will be used to test OTL differences between tracked and non-tracked classes.