Tracking Practices, Opportunity to Learn, and Achievement in Mathematics: An International Perspective from TIMSS

这个为期25个月的项目的目标是，利用TIMSS和TIMSS-R的数据，对数学实践中与学习机会和成就相关的跟踪实践提供跨国视角。更具体地说，要研究的问题是：流行率和趋势--跟踪在数学中的实践有多普遍？随着时间的推移和不同年级的趋势是什么？分析跟踪和未跟踪的数学课-在每个国家/地区内，哪些指标与跟踪和未跟踪的数学课在统计上相关？跟踪、学习机会和成绩--在每个国家内，在数学中使用或不使用跟踪做法与总体和特定学生群体(例如性别、种族)的学习机会和成绩有何关系？对美国的影响--与OTL和公平问题相关的结果对政策制定者和教育工作者有什么影响？跟踪上的学校数据文件将链接到学生数据文件。将创建一个教室跟踪指数，以在学校范围内识别跟踪教室。数学教师问卷将用于探讨有关OTL的问题。问卷中列出的数学题目数量将被用来测试跟踪和非跟踪班级之间的OTL差异。

The goal of this 25-month project is to provide a cross-national perspective on tracking practices in mathematics as they relate to opportunity to learn and achievement using data from TIMSS and TIMSS-R. More specifically, the questions to study are: Prevalence and Trends -- How prevalent is the practice of tracking in mathematics? What are the trends over time and across grades? Profiling Tracked and Untracked Math Classes - Within each country, what indicators are statistically associated with tracked and untracked mathematics classes? Tracking, Opportunity to Learn, and Achievement - Within each country, how does the use or non-use of tracking practices in mathematics relate to opportunity to learn and achievement, both overall and for particular student groups (e.g., gender, race)? Implications for the US - What are the implications of results for policy makers and educators in relation to OTL and issues on equity? School data files on tracking will be linked to the student data file. A classroom-tracking index will be created to identify within school tracking classrooms. The Mathematics Teachers Questionnaire will be used to explore issues on OTL. The number of mathematics topics listed in the questionnaire will be used to test OTL differences between tracked and non-tracked classes.