Communicating by Information-embedding: Theory, Algorithms and Applications

加州大学伯克利分校的坎南·拉姆钱德兰通过信息隐藏或隐写术(源于希腊语Steganos的意思是“覆盖的”，Graphein的意思是“写”)的交流可以追溯到2000多年前的古希腊人，作为一种秘密交流的方式，在第一次世界大战期间发送重要的间谍信息。这一强大的通信范例的理论基础来自于带边信息的信道编码(CCSI)这一优雅的信息理论框架。CCSI指的是在有噪声的信道上进行通信的问题，其中关于传输信道的某些部分知识(以边信息的形式)在编码器处可用，但在解码器处不可用。例如，在多媒体数据隐藏或水印问题中，边信息可能指的是诸如图像或音频或视频剪辑的多媒体主机信号，该信号仅存在于编码处，其中可能希望嵌入消息。数据嵌入的规则通常是：(I)主机介质受到最小程度的干扰，意味着嵌入的消息具有最小的侵入性；(Ii)即使在不使嵌入的主机信号不可用的范围内，可能试图破坏或擦除消息或水印的中间攻击者的存在，预期的解码器也可以可靠而稳健地恢复嵌入的消息。虽然信息隐藏领域起源于秘密通信，但这种范例的适用范围要广泛得多，并且也扩展到非隐蔽通信系统。具体地说，相当令人惊讶的是，事实证明，总的来说，进行数字广播最有效的方法是遵循数据隐藏的原则，用户的信息嵌入到彼此的消息中。事实上，从信息论到今天，理论上最著名的可实现的广播速率可以追溯到Marton[1]的工作(无法阅读)，他的码本构建与数据隐藏的方法密切相关。与此相关的是Gelfand和Pinsker[2]在CCSI上的工作，以及Costa[3]在所谓的在脏纸上书写的问题上的工作，其中的笑点是通过适应主机介质而不是试图\压倒它来嵌入数据。这些想法为信息嵌入问题奠定了理论基础，并构成了这一建议的核心。

0208883Kannan RamchandranUniversity of California - BerkeleyCommunicating by message-hiding or steganography (derived from the Greek words steganos meaning \covered" and graphein meaning \to write") goes back over two thousand years ago to the ancient Greeks as a way of communicating secretly to send important espionage infor- mation during war 1 . The theoretical foundations for this powerful communications paradigm are derived from the elegant information-theoretical framework of channel coding with side information (CCSI). CCSI refers to the problem of communicating over a noisy channel with some partial knowledge about the transmission channel (in the form of side information) avail- able at the encoder but not at the decoder. For example, in the multimedia data-hiding or watermarking problem, the side information might refer to a multimedia \host" signal such as an image or audio or video clip that is present only at the encoder, in which the message may be desired to be embedded. The rules of data-embedding are usually that (i) the host medium is minimally perturbed, implying that the embedded message be minimally intrusive; (ii) the embedded message can be reliably and robustly recovered by theintended decoder even in the presence of an intermediate \attacker" who, within the bounds of not rendering the embedded host signal unusable, might attempt to corrupt or erase the message or watermark.While the field of information-hiding has its origins in covert communications, the scope of applicability ofthis paradigm is far more general, and extends to non-covert communication systems as well. Specifically, it turns out, rather surprisingly, that in general, the most e Ecient way to do digital broadcast is to follow the principles of data-hiding with users' messages being embedded in one another's. Indeed, the theoretically best-known achievable broadcast rates from information-theory to this day date back to the (unreadable) work of Marton [1], whose codebook construction is intimately connected to the methodology for data-hiding. Related to this are the works of Gelfand and Pinsker [2] on CCSI, and by Costa [3] on the so-called problem of \writing on dirty paper" where the punchline is to embed data by adapting to the host medium rather than by trying to \overpower" it. These ideas lay the theoretical foundations for the problem of information-embedding and form the core of this proposal.