RUI: Physical Properties and Spectroscopy of Glasses Related to Intermediate Range Order

这是一个本科生研究所(RUI)的项目。它是由陶瓷计划和凝聚态物理计划资助的。玻璃科学研究的重点是氧化物玻璃中“中程有序”的存在及其影响。它将让本科生参与各种项目：(1)为玻璃形成开发新的溶液化学，避免二氧化碳滞留，并允许制造具有高均匀度和极高碱浓度的玻璃。(2)快速冷却二元钒酸盐、硼酸盐、铋酸盐和各种三元体系的新型玻璃的发展。(3)确定弹性与其他物理性质之间的关系以及存在的中程有序。(4)探索将堆积作为玻璃结构的通用衡量标准，使用计算机模拟或实验来实现构建的原子团簇在假设为玻璃的形状中的随机混合。(5)利用中子散射、核磁共振、傅里叶变换拉曼光谱、傅立叶变换红外光谱、声速和布里渊光散射等技术对中程有序进行探测。特别是，高场核磁共振将首次用于确定选定的硼酸盐玻璃和晶体中四面体硼原子的中间位置来源。(6)最后，学生将帮助优化用于玻璃制造的最先进的双辊淬火系统。高中学生和教师也将参与这项工作，以此作为激励这些学生追求科学事业的一种方式。这是一个本科生研究所(RUI)的项目。它是由陶瓷计划和凝聚态物理计划资助的。至少12名本科生和几名高中生和教师将参与重大的、可发表的玻璃科学研究项目。确定中程有序(原子团)以及这种有序对各种物理性质的影响是主要的科学目标。使用快速冷却和新的化学方法将形成新的玻璃。原子结构将使用各种光谱来确定。将测量密度、光吸收和热效应等特性，并将其与结构进行比较。学生们还将参与乐器的改进。所有参与者都将接受从事科学家职业生涯的培训和鼓励：在过去的15年里，超过100名学生在一所约有1100名学生的学校接受了高水平研究的培训。为了支持这些目标，该项目包括与美国、欧洲和日本的主要研究中心开展积极合作，这些中心包括：英国牛津附近的卢瑟福-阿普尔顿实验室和法国格勒诺布尔的劳埃·朗之万研究所(中子散射)；印第安纳大学和爱荷华州立大学(核磁共振)；爱荷华州立大学和希腊雅典的NHRF(拉曼和红外光谱)；复旦大学(上海)；日本SOJO大学(超声波)；日本筑波大学(布里渊和拉曼光散射)；德国罗斯托克大学(X射线衍射)。

This is a Research at Undergraduate Institution (RUI) project. It is funded by the Ceramics Program and the Condensed Matter Physics Program. The glass science research focuses on the existence and effects of, "intermediate-range-order" in oxide glasses. It will involve undergraduates in a variety of projects: (1) Development of new solution chemistry for glass formation that avoids carbon dioxide retention and allows fabrication of glasses with high homogeneity and with extraordinarily high alkali concentrations. (2) Development of novel glasses in binary vanadates, borates, bismuthates, and various ternary systems through rapid cooling. (3) Determination of the relation between elasticity and other physical properties and the intermediate-range-order present. (4) Exploration of packing as a universal measure of glass structure using computer simulation or experiments to achieve random mixing of constructed clusters of atoms in shapes hypothesized for glass. (5) Neutron scattering, NMR, FT-Raman, FTIR, ultrasonic velocity of sound, and Brillouin light scattering will be used to detect intermediate-range-order. In particular, high-field NMR will be used for the first time to determine the intermediate site origins of tetrahedral boron atom in selected borate glasses and crystals. (6) Finally, students will help optimize a state-of-the-art twin roller-quenching system for glass fabrication. High school students and teachers will also participate in this work as a way of motivating these students to pursue careers in science. This is a Research at Undergraduate Institution (RUI) project. It is funded by the Ceramics Program and the Condensed Matter Physics Program. At least 12 undergraduates and several high school students and teachers will participate in significant, publishable glass science research projects. The determination of intermediate range order (clusters of atoms) and the impact of this order on a variety of physical properties are the main scientific goals. Novel glasses will be formed using rapid cooling and new chemical methods. The atomic structure will be determined using various spectroscopies. Properties such as density, optical absorption, and thermal effects will be measured and compared to structure. Students will be involved in instrument enhancement as well. All participants will receive training and encouragement to pursue careers as scientists: In the past 15 years, more than 100 students have been trained to do high level research at a school of ca. 1100 students. In support of these goals, the project includes active collaborations with major research centers in the US, Europe, and Japan: Rutherford-Appleton lab near Oxford, England and the Institute Laue Langevin, Grenoble, France (Neutron scattering); Indiana University and Iowa State University (NMR); Iowa State University and NHRF, Athens, Greece (Raman and infrared spectroscopy); Fudan University (Shanghai) second harmonic generation; Sojo University, Japan (ultrasound); Tsukuba University, Japan, (Brillouin and Raman Light Scattering); Rostock University, Germany, (x-ray diffraction).