Transcriptome Responses to Environmental Conditions in Loblolly Pine Roots

火炬松根部转录组对环境条件的反应

• 批准号: 0211807
• 负责人: Jeffrey F Dean
• 金额: $ 165.18万
• 依托单位: University of Georgia Research Foundation Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-09-01 至 2006-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0211807&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Transcriptome; Responses; Environmental; Conditions; Loblolly

Wood accounts for 25% of the value of all industrial materials produced in the U.S., and on an annual basis, the value of wood-derived products equals or exceeds that of virtually every other agricultural crop. However, losses in production forest acreage, coupled with increasing demands for paper and cheap fiber supplies from overseas, have put intense pressure on U.S. companies to increase wood yields per acre, particularly in southeastern forests. Unfortunately, our limited understanding of tree biology constitutes a significant barrier to attaining the productivity gains necessary to keep pace with the rising consumer demand for wood products. Efforts are underway to catalog genes expressed in the wood-forming tissues of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), the predominant commercial tree species in the southeastern U.S. Although this collection of wood-specific genes provides an excellent step toward improved understanding of the basic genetic units governing wood formation, it will be incomplete with respect to many genes that will prove critical for increasing the productivity of tomorrow's forests.This project will develop a collection of several thousand new genes derived primarily from other pine tissues of commercial and biological significance, in particular roots undergoing a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses. To the greatest extent possible, data from this project will be integrated with that from other projects focused on genomic studies of pine so as to create a seamless set of resources, such as a comprehensive unigene set, for the research community. Such comprehensive unigene sets will form the basis of DNA microarrays that will be used to identify genes whose expression varies in response to various environmental and developmental cues, particularly those responding to stresses that trees would likely experience when subjected to intensive management regimes. Identification of such genes will provide for better understanding of the molecular mechanisms trees use to respond to environmental and biological stresses, and will enable the development of techniques and tools, such as targeted microarrays, that could be used to monitor in near real-time the effects of silvicultural practices on tree growth and development. For example, microarrays of root genes that respond to specific mineral or nutrient deficiencies could allow silviculturalists to judge whether or not a new fertilization regimen was likely improve growth rates or wood quality well before the phenotypic responses could be detected. Such new techniques will provide the means for addressing current biological constraints that limit forest productivity in the southeastern U.S.

木材占美国生产的所有工业材料价值的25%，每年木材衍生产品的价值等于或超过几乎所有其他农业作物的价值。然而，生产林面积的损失，加上对纸和来自海外的廉价纤维供应的需求不断增加，给美国公司带来了巨大的压力，要求它们提高每英亩的木材产量，特别是在东南部的森林。不幸的是，我们对树木生物学的有限了解构成了实现生产力增长的重大障碍，这是跟上消费者对木材产品日益增长的需求所必需的。火炬松(Pinus Taeda)是美国东南部最主要的商业树种，目前正在对火炬松(Pinus Taeda)木材形成组织中表达的基因进行分类。虽然这一木材特有基因集合为更好地理解木材形成的基本遗传单位提供了极好的一步，但对于许多将被证明对提高未来森林生产力至关重要的基因来说，它将是不完整的。该项目将开发数千个新的基因集合，主要来自其他具有商业和生物意义的松树组织，特别是经历各种生物和生物胁迫的根。本项目的数据将最大限度地与其他侧重于松树基因组研究的项目的数据相结合，以便为研究界创建一套无缝的资源，如一套全面的Unigene。这种综合的Unigene集合将构成DNA微阵列的基础，该微阵列将用于识别其表达随着各种环境和发育线索的变化而变化的基因，特别是那些对树木在集约化管理制度下可能经历的压力做出反应的基因。识别这类基因将有助于更好地了解树木应对环境和生物胁迫的分子机制，并将有助于开发可用于近乎实时地监测营林做法对树木生长和发育影响的技术和工具，如靶向微阵列。例如，对特定矿物质或营养缺乏做出反应的根基因微阵列可以让森林培育者在检测到表型反应之前就判断新的受精方案是否有可能改善生长速度或木材质量。这些新技术将为解决目前限制美国东南部森林生产力的生物制约提供手段。