Heterolocalism, Social Networks, and Migration: Refugee Nodes and Networks in the Pacific Northwest

异地主义、社交网络和移民：太平洋西北地区的难民节点和网络

• 批准号: 0214467
• 负责人: Susan Hardwick
• 金额: $ 4万
• 依托单位: University of Oregon Eugene
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-08-01 至 2004-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0214467&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Heterolocalism; Social; Networks; Migration; Refugee

This research project will test the impact of scale on the spatial theory of heterolocalism in a metropolitan area in the Pacific Northwest. This new theory suggests that, to a degree unknown in the past, new migrants in U.S. cities may choose to settle in widely dispersed places rather than in more concentrated ethnic enclaves while still maintaining their ethnic identities. The research will test this theory by comparing the settlement patterns and maintenance of identity of the two largest groups of recent refugees now residing in the central city, suburbs, and small towns located within the metropolitan region centered on the city of Portland, Oregon. The two groups are migrants from Vietnam and from the former Soviet Union. Vietnamese began settling in the region in the mid-1970s and are now well established while the majority of migrants born in the former USSR have arrived only within the past decade. The selection of these two comparative groups, therefore, is based on differences in the dates of their settlement, as well as on their internal diversity and comparative racial, religious, and linguistic characteristics. Methodologies to be employed in this research include cartographic analysis, survey questionnaires, structured and unstructured interviews, and participant observation. Outcomes will include improved knowledge of immigration and refugee settlement in the U.S., and a set of comparative geographic data showing the settlement patterns of the two largest refugee groups in the study area for the years 1980, 1990, 2000, and 2002. This analysis will be based on census data, demographic information listed in Immigration and Naturalization Service reports, school district enrollment data, and information provided by the close collaboration of the project team with the Director and staff of the Immigrant and Refugee Community Organization headquartered in Portland.Globally, the study of refugee resettlement is critically important with more than 23 million displaced people on earth as a result of recent political, environmental, and economic crises. At least 2.3 million of these migrants have relocated to the U.S. in the past quarter century to seek new lives. Many choose to settle in traditional nodes of immigrant concentrations in East Coast cities, Chicago, or urban California. However, ever increasing numbers of refugee newcomers to the U.S. during the past decade have relocated to smaller cities. In northern New England, the upper Great Lakes, and the Pacific Northwest, for example (places long dominated by homogeneous Euro-American populations) unexpected increases in the number of foreign-born residents were recently documented in census reports. This research project will focus on one of these newly emerging nodes of diversity to investigate the geographic and social patterns of settlement of recent migrants.

本研究项目将在太平洋西北地区的一个都市圈中检验尺度对异域主义空间理论的影响。这一新理论表明，在某种程度上，美国城市的新移民可能会选择在广泛分散的地方定居，而不是在更集中的种族飞地定居，同时仍保持自己的种族身份，这在过去是未知的。该研究将通过比较目前居住在俄勒冈州波特兰市中心城区、郊区和小城镇的两个最大的近期难民群体的定居模式和身份维护来检验这一理论。这两个群体分别是来自越南和前苏联的移民。越南人在20世纪70年代中期开始在该地区定居，现在已经站稳脚跟，而大多数出生在前苏联的移民是在过去十年才来到这里的。因此，这两个比较群体的选择是基于他们定居日期的差异，以及他们内部的多样性和比较的种族、宗教和语言特征。本研究采用的方法包括制图分析、调查问卷、结构化和非结构化访谈以及参与式观察。结果将包括提高对美国移民和难民安置的认识，以及一组比较地理数据，显示1980年，1990年，2000年和2002年研究区域内两个最大的难民群体的定居模式。该分析将基于人口普查数据、移民和归化局报告中列出的人口统计信息、学区入学数据以及项目团队与总部位于波特兰的移民和难民社区组织主任和工作人员密切合作提供的信息。在全球范围内，对难民重新安置的研究至关重要，因为最近的政治、环境和经济危机，地球上有2300多万流离失所者。在过去的25年里，至少有230万移民移居美国寻求新生活。许多人选择在东海岸城市、芝加哥或加州城市等传统的移民聚集地定居。然而，在过去的十年里，越来越多的难民移民到了美国，他们搬到了较小的城市。例如，在新英格兰北部、五大湖上游和太平洋西北地区（这些地区长期以来一直由同质的欧美人口主导），最近的人口普查报告记录了外国出生居民数量的意外增长。这个研究项目将集中在这些新出现的多样性节点之一，以调查最近移民定居的地理和社会模式。