Collaborative Research: Acquisition of a Drilling Rig To Recover Geological Records from the Antarctic Margin for the ANDRILL Consortium

合作研究：为 ANDRILL 联盟购置一台钻机以恢复南极边缘的地质记录

• 批准号: 0216513
• 负责人: Ross Powell
• 金额: $ 45.99万
• 依托单位: Northern Illinois University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-09-01 至 2006-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0216513&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Acquisition; Drilling; Rig

Geological drilling to recover core for scientific investigations was successfully conducted in theMcMurdo Sound Region during 10 austral summers over a 28-year period since 1973. The sea-ice has been used successfully as a drilling platform for seven drill-holes in this area. Experience gained during these projects forms the basis for developing new drilling technology to advance this approach. The ANDRILL (ANtarctic DRILLing) Project considers future drilling from sea-ice, ice shelf and land platforms within its McMurdo Sound Portfolio. This Portfolio proposes more than ten individual drilling targets that will require varied drilling equipment and strategies. Most of these targets have several common requirements, including drilling through hundreds of meters of water (up to 1000 m), and to recover continuous core starting from the sea-floor to depths of as much as 1000 m. Most of the targets call for a drill rig with a greater capacity than that used for the highly successful international Cape Roberts Project (CRP from 1997-1999), to which ANDRILL is the successor. Although the CRP rig, as well as various other commercial drilling rigs and equipment are available to ANDRILL, the unique requirements (drilling in deep-water and through an ice shelf more than 300 meters thick) require acquisition and development of a new, more powerful drilling system adapted to the Antarctic environment. The desired rig will handle the required length of drill rod and recover rock at an appropriate speed within the short windows of time allowed for Antarctic drilling. Development of this new system will enhance the drilling capability by providing faster core recovery and the ability to sample from previously inaccessible areas, thus expanding the scope of geological sampling into deeper water and through thick shelf ice. The study of sediment drillcores represents a key means to decipher Cenozoic climate and glacial history of Antarctica, a region where most rocks of this age are hidden beneath the ice sheet cover. ANDRILL is an international consortium with objectives to recover stratigraphic core records for use in interpreting Antarctica's past climatic, glacial and geological history over the past 50 million years and at varying scales of age resolution (0.1 to 100 thousand years). Understanding the past history of ice volume variation in Antarctica and associated physical changes in this region is critical to proper assessment of the global climate system and interaction of ice sheets with the ocean, atmosphere and biosphere. ANDRILL will proceed in three phases: geophysical and site surveys (2001-2004), drilling and core recovery (2003-2007), and climate and glacial modeling and integration of recovered data into global records of climate change (2005-2009). For the past 40 million years the Antarctic Ice Sheet has played a critical role in regulating global climate and sea level. Climatic warming is expected to be most pronounced in polar regions; Antarctic temperatures may rise by the end of the century to levels that have not been achieved for several million years. It is therefore vital that we understand the past response of the Antarctic ice sheet to climatic change in order to provide constraints on models that predict the future.ANDRILL currently plans 4 seasons of drilling under the McMurdo Sound Portfolio, in the regionsof New Harbour, Windless Bight, Mackay Sea Valley and on the Southern McMurdo Ice Shelf. Through subsequent Portfolios, the life of ANDRILL and this new drilling system will likely continue towards the year 2020. Support for programs of this scale must come from contributions of several nations. To date, the ANDRILL International Consortium includes as member nations the USA, United Kingdom, New Zealand, Italy and Germany, and it invites membership from any interested nation. Similar to the CRP, close interaction of a diverse team of research scientists, postdoctoral scientists, graduate and undergraduate students will provide excellent opportunities for education and on-site training. REU appointments will target underrepresented groups in the geosciences. ANDRILL plans to expand the educational and outreach component beyond that of CRP by direct on-site and remote learning opportunities through member-nation initiatives and ANDRILL sponsored outreach and education. An "on-ice" team of scientists would prepare the core and provide initial description and characterization. Samples would be shipped to "off-ice" scientists to study and present results at the first of two science workshops to be hosted at member-nations home academic institutions on a rotating basis. Publication ofinitial results would be followed by presentation of results in major scientific journals and at professional meetings.

自1973年以来，在28年的澳大利亚夏季，在澳大利亚的10个夏季成功进行了地质钻探以恢复科学研究的核心。在这些项目期间获得的经验构成了开发新钻探技术以推进这种方法的基础。 Andrill（南极钻探）项目考虑了其McMurdo Sound Portfolio中的Sea-Ice，Ice架和陆地平台的未来钻探。该投资组合提出了十多个单独的钻井目标，需要各种钻井设备和策略。这些目标大多数都有几个共同的要求，包括在数百米的水中钻探（最高1000 m），并从海底到深度高达1000 m的连续核心。大多数目标都要求具有比非常成功的国际斗篷罗伯茨项目（1997- 1999年的CRP）所使用的钻井钻机，而安德里尔则是继任者。尽管Andrill可以使用CRP钻机以及其他各种商业钻机和设备，但独特的要求（深水和厚度超过300米的冰架钻孔）需要收购和开发一个适合南极环境的新的，更强大的钻孔系统。所需的钻机将处理所需的钻杆的长度，并在短时间的短窗户上以适当的速度恢复岩石，以进行南极钻孔。该新系统的开发将通过提供更快的核心回收能力以及从以前无法接近的区域进行采样的能力来增强钻井能力，从而扩大地质采样范围，并通过更深的水和厚的架子冰。对沉积物钻孔的研究代表了破译新生代气候和南极洲冰川历史的关键手段。安德里尔（Andrill）是一个国际财团，其目标是恢复地层核心记录，用于解释过去5000万年内的南极洲过去的气候，冰川和地质历史，并以不同的年龄分辨率（0.1至100千年）的规模来解释。了解南极冰量变化的过去历史以及该区域中相关的物理变化对于正确评估全球气候系统以及冰盖与海洋，大气和生物圈的相互作用至关重要。安德里尔（Andrill）将分为三个阶段：地球物理和现场调查（2001-2004），钻探和核心回收（2003-2007），以及将回收数据的气候和冰川建模以及融合到气候变化的全球记录中（2005-2009）。在过去的4000万年中，南极冰盖在规范全球气候和海平面上发挥了至关重要的作用。在极地地区，气候变暖预计最为明显。南极温度可能在本世纪末升高到几百万年没有达到的水平。因此，至关重要的是，我们必须了解南极冰盖对气候变化的过去反应，以便为预测未来的模型提供限制。当前，在麦克默多（McMurdo Sound）投资组合下计划了4个季节的钻井，在新港，无风湾，麦凯河谷，麦克米尔多（Mackay Sea Valley）和南部麦克穆尔多（McMurdo Ice Ice Shelf）。通过随后的投资组合，安德里尔（Andrill）和这个新的钻探系统的生活可能会持续到2020年。对此规模的计划的支持必须来自多个国家的贡献。迄今为止，安德里尔国际联盟包括美国，英国，新西兰，意大利和德国的成员国，并邀请任何感兴趣的国家的会员资格。与CRP相似，多样化的研究科学家，博士后科学家，研究生和本科生的紧密互动将为教育和现场培训提供绝佳的机会。 REU任命将针对地球科学中代表性不足的群体。安德里尔（Andrill）计划通过成员民族举措直接现场和远程学习机会将教育和外展部分扩展到CRP之外，而安德里尔（Andrill）赞助了外展和教育。一个“冰上”科学家团队将准备核心，并提供最初的描述和特征。样本将被运送到“冰上”科学家，以研究和介绍两个科学研讨会中的第一个将在成员国家庭学术机构举办的第一个。在主要科学期刊和专业会议上，将出版成立结果的出版。