Vision on the Run: Resolving Moving Natural Images with Arthropod Eyes

奔跑中的视觉：用节肢动物的眼睛解析移动的自然图像

• 批准号: 0216836
• 负责人: Cole Gilbert
• 金额: $ 20.49万
• 依托单位: Cornell Univ - State: AWDS MADE PRIOR MAY 2010
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-08-15 至 2005-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0216836&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Vision; Run; Resolving; Moving; Natural

This comparative project addresses how information from the natural world is encoded by an animal's visual system to enable it to respond appropriately to resources, such as prey or mates, or stress sources, such as predators. The specific objective is to develop a rigorous quantitative understanding of the consequences of variation in photoreceptor performance in the eyes of two arthropods, a beetle and a crab, that live in relatively similar flat habitats, but which vary in their behavior, eye movements and types of objects to which they respond. As these animals move about their environment, the visual image will be blurred because the photoreceptors are too slow or too coarsely spaced. However, the blur may not be uniform throughout the image - photoreceptors that view regions of the world into which the animal is traveling or which are more likely to contain objects of interest may have been selected to perform better, whereas more blur in other areas of the visual field may be tolerable. We will combine anatomical and physiological data about photoreceptors over the eye with laboratory behavioral experiments and field recordings of natural scenes to learn how visual performance limits or enhances specific types of movement in the animal's natural world. The proposed research is the most comprehensive attempt to date to explore the transfer of information from natural scenes through an animal's photoreceptors during its normal behavior and will provide training in physiology, behavior, and scene analysis for young scientists and several undergraduate students, including underrepresented minorities who have worked in the lab in the past. The results will allow, for other species, important insight into the degree to which behavior-driven degradation of visual information may adversely affect adaptive behaviors. In addition to their basic application for sensory ecology, the results of this project will have a strong bearing on machine vision and will be valuable to robotics engineers attempting to design visual sensors that allow optimal robot performance. A postdoctoral scholar and undergraduate students will be involved in the research, and an interactive web site about the research will be created.

这个比较项目解决了来自自然世界的信息如何被动物的视觉系统编码，使其能够对资源（如猎物或配偶）或压力源（如捕食者）做出适当的反应。 具体的目标是发展一个严格的定量理解的光感受器性能的变化的后果，在眼睛的两个节肢动物，甲虫和螃蟹，生活在相对相似的平坦的栖息地，但不同的行为，眼球运动和类型的对象，他们的反应。 当这些动物在它们的环境中移动时，视觉图像会变得模糊，因为光感受器太慢或太粗糙。 然而，模糊在整个图像中可能不是均匀的-观察动物正在行进进入的世界区域或更可能包含感兴趣对象的世界区域的光感受器可能已经被选择为执行得更好，而视野的其他区域中的更多模糊可能是可容忍的。 我们将结合联合收割机的解剖和生理数据的光感受器在眼睛与实验室的行为实验和现场记录的自然场景，以了解视觉性能如何限制或增强特定类型的运动在动物的自然世界。 这项拟议中的研究是迄今为止最全面的尝试，旨在探索在正常行为期间通过动物的光感受器从自然场景传递信息，并将为年轻科学家和几名本科生提供生理学，行为和场景分析方面的培训，包括过去在实验室工作过的少数民族。 这些结果将允许，对于其他物种，重要的洞察到何种程度的视觉信息的行为驱动的退化可能会对适应行为产生不利影响。 除了它们在感官生态学中的基本应用外，该项目的结果将对机器视觉产生重大影响，并对试图设计视觉传感器以实现最佳机器人性能的机器人工程师具有重要价值。 一名博士后学者和本科生将参与研究，并将创建一个关于研究的互动网站。