C-RUI Shifts in Wolf Spider Reproductive Behavior under Predation Risk

C-RUI 捕食风险下狼蛛繁殖行为的变化

• 批准号: 0216947
• 负责人: Ann Rypstra
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Miami University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-09-01 至 2008-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0216947&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RUI; Shifts; Wolf; Spider; Reproductive

Shifts In Wolf Spider Reproductive Behavior Under Predation RiskAnn L. Rypstra, Miami University, Hamilton Campus At every moment, animals must weigh trade-offs and make decisions about how to allocate time and energy into foraging and reproduction while trying to minimize exposure to risks such as predation. The wolf spider, Pardosa milvina, displays effective anti-predator behavior in the presence of information about one of its major predators: the co-occurring wolf spider, Hogna helluo. The anti-predator behavior is mediated through cues (putatively silk draglines and feces) that the predator deposits as it occupies an area. Using these cues as a surrogate for predation risk, the specific costs (predation or reduced reproductive success) can be experimentally decoupled from the benefits (survival and increased reproductive success). Through manipulation of the presence or absence of H. helluo cues (perceived predation risk) with or without a living H. helluo (actual predation risk), the behavioral trade-offs and relative risk of predation can be quantified for every stage in the reproductive process. In each stage one can quantify: (1) the susceptibility of the animals to predation, (2) the behavioral changes made in response to a perceived threat of predation, (3) the degree to which those behavioral changes provide some protection from predation, and (4) the impact of altering reproductive behaviors in response to predation risk on reproductive success and fitness (survival, egg production, and phenology). Experiments will be conducted in the laboratory and in the field at Miami University's Ecology Research Center. The intellectual merit of this study lies in the fact that it will advance the understanding of predator-prey interactions. In addition, it will lead to a clearer understanding of how natural selection through predation interacts with sexual selection in shaping mating strategies at each stage of the mating process. This study will also provide a deeper understanding of the factors that allow the coexistence of two important predatory arthropods inhabiting agroecosystems. This information will lead to an understanding of the mechanisms that maintain biological diversity and will have important implications for biological control in agricultural systems. The broader impacts resulting from the proposed research lie in the development of a collaborative research community including PhDs and undergraduates from two very different institutions: a two-year open admission campus of a large state assisted university (Miami - Hamilton) and a small private liberal arts college (Susquehanna). Recruiting efforts will target non-traditional students, students from local Appalachian populations, as well as traditional minority groups. This program will unite undergraduate researchers from the two institutions behind a common research goal and, in so doing, expose them both to the culture of a different educational environment. The research program consists of a number of technically straightforward experiments that can easily be undertaken by individuals or teams of undergraduates as independent projects. The beauty of such a research program is that undergraduates can take ownership of significant portions of the project and execute them to publication. When these various projects are considered together, a comprehensive understanding of the reproduction behavior of an economically important predator will be revealed. This research program will help build the research program of a new Assistant Professor (Persons), rejuvenate the research program of a senior faculty member (Rypstra) and help a recent Ph.D. (Postdoctoral Associate) learn how to develop a research program at an undergraduate institution. Undergraduates will explore the literature, write research proposals and papers, and present their findings to their peers and to professionals at regional and national meetings.

捕食风险下狼蛛繁殖行为的变化。Rypstra，迈阿密大学，汉密尔顿校区每时每刻，动物都必须权衡取舍，并决定如何分配时间和精力到觅食和繁殖，同时尽量减少暴露于风险，如捕食。狼蛛，豹蛛，显示出有效的反捕食者行为的信息存在的一个主要捕食者：共同出现的狼蛛，Hogna helluo。 反捕食者的行为是通过线索介导的（蛹丝拖绳和粪便），捕食者沉积，因为它占据了一个地区。使用这些线索作为捕食风险的替代品，具体的成本（捕食或减少生殖成功）可以从实验中解耦的好处（生存和增加生殖成功）。 通过操纵H的存在或不存在。helluo线索（感知捕食风险）与或没有一个活的H。实际捕食风险（actual predation risk），行为权衡和捕食的相对风险可以在生殖过程的每个阶段量化。 在每个阶段，我们可以量化：（1）动物对捕食的敏感性，（2）对感知到的捕食威胁做出反应的行为变化，（3）这些行为变化提供某种程度的保护免受捕食，以及（4）改变生殖行为以应对捕食风险对生殖成功和健康（生存，产卵和物候）的影响。 实验将在迈阿密大学生态研究中心的实验室和野外进行。 这项研究的智力价值在于它将促进对捕食者-猎物相互作用的理解。 此外，它将导致更清楚地了解如何通过捕食自然选择与性选择相互作用，在交配过程的每个阶段形成交配策略。这项研究也将提供一个更深入的了解的因素，让两个重要的捕食性节肢动物栖息在农业生态系统的共存。 这一信息将导致对维持生物多样性的机制的理解，并将对农业系统的生物控制产生重要影响。拟议的研究产生的更广泛的影响在于发展一个合作研究社区，包括来自两个非常不同的机构的博士和本科生：一个大型州立大学（迈阿密-汉密尔顿）和一个小型私立文理学院（萨斯奎汉纳）的两年制开放招生校园。 招聘工作将针对非传统的学生，来自当地阿巴拉契亚人口的学生，以及传统的少数民族群体。 该计划将联合来自两个机构的本科研究人员，共同研究目标，并在这样做的过程中，使他们都接触到不同教育环境的文化。 该研究计划包括一些技术上简单的实验，可以很容易地由个人或本科生团队作为独立项目进行。 这样一个研究项目的美妙之处在于，本科生可以拥有项目的重要部分，并将其执行到出版。当这些不同的项目一起考虑，一个经济上重要的捕食者的繁殖行为的全面理解将被揭示。 该研究计划将有助于建立一个新的助理教授（人）的研究计划，振兴高级教师（Rypstra）的研究计划，并帮助最近的博士学位。（博士后助理）学习如何在本科院校制定研究计划。 本科生将探索文献，撰写研究提案和论文，并在区域和国家会议上向同行和专业人士展示他们的研究结果。