Collaborative Research: GLOBEC-01: Patterns of Energy Flow and Utilization on Georges Bank

该项目综合了生产和能量流动的关键方面，根据美国全球能源中心在西北大西洋的研究，并增加了美国全球能源中心的数据，从其他来源的信息生产过程中的较低和较高水平的食物网。 主要目标是研究GLOBEC和GLOBEC相关研究的几个替代模型结果，这些研究有助于解决一些悬而未决的问题，并重新审视乔治银行的能量流动模式。这项研究增强和扩大了以前的调查结果，明确考虑了该系统早期模型中未涉及的因素，包括：（1）微生物食物网，（2）考虑新的和再循环的初级生产，（3）乔治河岸初级生产和次级生产的空间异质性，（4）在较高营养水平上生物量和生产的变化，环境强迫对生产过程的影响。 将这些要素纳入建模工作，可以更详细地了解世行的生产流程。 前四个要素提供了更广泛的生态系统背景，而最后一个要素提供了与美国-全球生态系统方案的主要主题之一气候变化的联系。 对后者的讨论是通过比较反映不同环境和鱼类群落状况的几个不同的十年尺度时间段进行的：（1）寒冷的1960年代，其特点是远洋船队捕捞大量的底层鱼类;（2）1970年代，其特点是“平均”水温、国内捕捞努力量增加和底层鱼类枯竭;（3）20世纪80年代，其特点是“平均”水温，底层鱼类种群过度捕捞，板鳃类增加;（4）20世纪90年代“平均”水温，盐度较低，其特点是捕捞死亡率降低，底层鱼类种群恢复，板鳃类和中上层鱼类增加。 由于过度开发导致鱼类群落结构发生大规模变化，如果不考虑其他生态系统组成部分的变化，就无法充分了解目标物种的种群动态。 目前正在制定代表上述每个时期的个别模型网络。 随后，将开发动态建模来描述这些制度之间的转换或转移。

This project synthesizes key aspects of production and energy flow, based on US-GLOBEC studies in the Northwest Atlantic, and augment the US-GLOBEC data with information from other sources on production processes at the lower and upper levels of the food web. The primary objectives examine several alternate model outcomes of GLOBEC and GLOBEC-related studies that help address a number of outstanding issues and re-examine patterns of energy flow on Georges Bank. This research enhances and expands the findings of previous investigations, with explicit consideration of factors not addressed in earlier models of this system including: (1) the microbial food web, (2) consideration of new and recycled primary production, (3) spatial heterogeneity of primary and secondary production on Georges Bank, (4) changes in biomass and production at higher trophic levels, and (5) the effects of environmental forcing on production processes. Incorporation of these elements into the modeling effort permits a more detailed understanding of production processes on the Bank. The first four elements provides the broader ecosystem context, while the last provides the link to one of the US-GLOBEC program.s principal themes, climate change. The latter is being addressed by comparing several different decadal-scale time periods that reflect differing environmental and fish community regimes: (1) the cold 1960s characterized by abundant groundfish stocks fished by distant water fleets; (2) the 1970s, characterized by "average" water temperatures, increased domestic fishing effort, and depletion of groundfish stocks; (3) the 1980s, characterized by "average" water temperatures, overfishing of groundfish stocks, and increases in elasmobranchs; and (4) the "average" temperature, lower salinity 1990s, characterized by reduced fishing mortality, rebuilding of groundfish stocks, and increases in elasmobranchs and pelagic fish. Because of large-scale changes in the fish community structure as a result of over-exploitation, a full understanding of the population dynamics of the target species will not be attained without consideration of changes in other ecosystem components. Individual model networks are being formulated to represent each of the above periods. Subsequently, dynamic modeling will be developed to describe the transformations or shifts between these regimes.