Collaborative Research: GLOBEC Pan-regional Synthesis: End-to-end Energy Budgets in US-GLOBEC Regions

这项研究解决了一个至关重要的问题：海洋食物网是自上而下、自下而上还是两者兼而有之？为了解决这个问题，我们将（1）在自上而下与自下而上强迫的背景下比较4个US-GLOBEC研究区域的端到端能量收支，（2）评估区域模式捕获基本物质通量的技能，（3）从区域模型中提取诊断信息，用于评估气候变化和全球渔业委员会各区域捕捞压力的影响;（4）开发定量方法来比较诊断。全球生态系统方案的主要成功之处在于阐明了以不同自然环境为特点的生态系统中个别物种的动态过程。与此同时，人们越来越需要以生态系统方法来管理受捕捞压力和气候变化影响的海洋资源。提高对海洋食物网中营养链的认识，是理解和预测生态系统对气候变化和人为强迫的反应的能力不可或缺的一部分。使用最先进的建模方法，再加上数据组装和分析，为培养研究生（项目中包括3名）提供了各种学科（食物网建模，数据分析，数据同化，海洋生态学）的机会，这些学科是解决海洋系统面临的重要科学和社会问题所必需的。该项目包括2名博士后科学家，许多女性（22名研究人员中的9名），包括几名领导角色，几名新加入GLOBEC的有才华的年轻科学家，其他新加入GLOBEC的科学家，以及一个杰出的国际合作者团队（见BAS的支持信）。来自学术界、政府和私营企业的科学家之间的合作努力对所有群体都有利。管理计划以通过面对面、数字和电子会议进行密集、频繁的沟通为中心，是该项目独特且具有潜在变革性的方面。

The research addresses the overarching question: are marine food webs leading to fisheries controlled from the top-down, the bottom up, or a combination of the two? To address this question we will (1) compare end-to-end energy budgets of the 4 US-GLOBEC study regions in the context of top-down v. bottom-up forcing, (2) assess the skills of the regional models in capturing basic material fluxes, (3) extract diagnostics from the regional models that will be used to evaluate the effects of climate change and fishing pressure across GLOBEC regions and (4) develop quantitative methods to compare the diagnostics. The major successes of GLOBEC have been in elucidating the processes underlying the dynamics of individual species in ecosystems characterized by diverse physical settings. At the same time there is an increasing demand for an ecosystem approach to management of marine resources subject to fishing pressures and climatic changes. Improving the understanding of trophic links in oceanic food webs is integral to the ability to understand and predict ecosystem responses to climate change and anthropogenic forcings. The use of state-of-the-art modeling approaches coupled to data assembly and analyses provides opportunities to train graduate students (3 included in project) in a variety of disciplines (food web modeling, data analyses, data assimilation, marine ecology) that are needed to address the important scientific and societal problems facing marine systems. The project includes 2 postdoctoral scientists, many women (9 of 22 investigators) including several in lead roles, several talented young scientists new to GLOBEC, other scientists new to GLOBEC, and an outstanding team of international collaborators (see Letter of Support from BAS). The cooperative effort among scientists from academia, government, and private industry is beneficial to all groups. The management plan centered on intensive, frequent communication via in-person, digital and electronic meetings is a unique and potentially transformative aspect of the project.