Collaborative Research: INSTANT, International Nusantara STratification ANd Transport Program

0219782/0220382 Gordon/Sprintall印度尼西亚洋流（ITF）连接两个大洋，这样做提供了一条路径，可以改变每个大洋的层结以及影响ENSO和亚洲季风等气候现象的海气通量。虽然最近在印度尼西亚地区进行了一些测量方案，但一个严重的缺点是缺乏时间上的一致性：数据涵盖了连接太平洋和印度洋的复杂路径的不同通道的不同时间段和深度。这导致ITF的平均值和变量性质以及内海内温盐和输送剖面的变化不明确。由6个国家（美国、法国、荷兰、澳大利亚、印度尼西亚、日本）参与的ITF计划最终将以协调一致的方式同时测量关键通流通道（马卡萨尔海峡、利法马托拉海峡、龙目海峡、翁拜海峡和帝汶海峡）的ITF。这些测量从2003年8月开始，为期3年。该方案的目标是：（1）确定ITF输送和性质通量的年、季和季节内特征;（2）确定ITF输送和性质通量的年、季和季节内特征; 3）调查印度尼西亚内海内ITF沃茨的储存和改造情况，从其太平洋水源的特性到输出到印度洋的印度尼西亚洋流水;以及4）为创新及科技基金设计一个具成本效益的长期监测策略。该系统的知识价值和更广泛的影响是显而易见的：将获得ITF的定量视图，这将为长期“代理”监测系统奠定基础，以捕获ITF的低频变化。已知ITF沃茨在全球温盐环流和气候信号及其异常的流域间传递中发挥着不可或缺的作用。对更广泛的海洋学界的好处将是最终允许ITF在海洋和气候模型中忠实地模拟。此外，该项目还将为研究生提供教育，并为印度尼西亚和美国的本科生提供研究机会和培训。

0219782/0220382 Gordon/SprintallThe Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) links two oceans and in so doing provides a pathway for modifying the stratification within each of these oceans as well as sea-air fluxes that impact on such climate phenomena as ENSO and the Asian Monsoon. While a number of measurement programs have recently been undertaken in the Indonesian region, a serious shortcoming is their lack of temporal coherence: the data cover different time periods and depths in the different passages of the complex pathways linking the Pacific and Indian Oceans. This has lead to ambiguity of the mean and variable nature of the ITF, and of the transformation of the thermohaline and transport profiles within the interior seas. The INSTANT program, involving contributions of 6 countries (USA, France, Netherlands, Australia, Indonesia, Japan), will finally measure in a coordinated fashion the ITF in the key throughflow passages (Makassar Strait, Lifamatola Passage, Lombok Strait, Ombai Strait and Timor Passage) simultaneously. The measurements span a 3 year period beginning in August 2003. The INSTANT objectives are: 1) To determine the full depth velocity and property structure of the Throughflow and its associated heat and freshwater flux; 2) To resolve the annual, seasonal, and intraseasonal characteristics of the ITF transport and property flux; 3) To investigate the storage and modification of the ITF waters within the internal Indonesian seas, from their Pacific source characteristics to the Indonesian Throughflow water exported into the Indian Ocean; and 4) To contribute to the design of a cost-effective, long-term monitoring strategy for the ITF. The intellectual merit and broader impact of INSTANT is clear: a quantitative view of the ITF will be gained and this will establish the basis for a long term "proxy" monitoring system, as required to capture the low frequency ITF variability. The ITF waters are known to play an integral part in the global thermohaline circulation and in the inter-basin transfer of climate signals and their anomalies. The benefit to the broader oceanographic community will be to finally allow the ITF to be faithfully simulated within ocean and climate models. In addition, INSTANT will involve education for a graduate student, and will offer research opportunities and training to undergraduates in both Indonesia and the US.