ITR: Printer Characterization and Signature-Embedding for Security and Forensic Applications

ITR：用于安全和取证应用的打印机表征和签名嵌入

• 批准号: 0219893
• 负责人: Jan Allebach
• 金额: $ 41万
• 依托单位: Purdue University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-09-01 至 2006-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0219893&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: ITR; Printer; Characterization; Signature; Embedding

Proposal Number CCR-0219893Title: ITR: Printer Characterization and Signature-Embedding for Security and Forensic ApplicationsCo-Principal Investigators: Jan P. Allebach, Edward J. Delp, and George T. ChiuWe propose to develop two strategies for printer identification. The first strategy is passive. It involves characterizing the printer and finding intrinsic features in the printed output that are characteristic of that particular printer, model, or manufacturer's products. We call this the intrinsic signature. Developing the intrinsic signature requires an understanding and modeling of the printer mechanism, and the development of image analysis tools that are used for printer characterization during the signature development phase, and then later, for the actual detection of the signature in printed pages with arbitrary content.The intrinsic signature is detected by scanning the printed pages with a high resolution drum scanner, and applying low-level image analysis routines to extract features. These features are processed with a soft classifier to yield likelihoods at each level of a decision tree that the document was printed with a device belonging to each particular class. At the highest level of the decision tree, likelihoods are provided for which of the two possible dominant printing technologies: electrophotography (commonly referred to as a laser printer) and inkjet was used. At the next level,likelihoods are generated for the candidate printer manufacturers, and so on. As we proceed down through the tree, we generate liklihoods regarding information that is more and more specific to the particular printer in question.The second strategy is active. Here we embed an extrinsic signature in every printed page. This signature is generated by modulating the process parameters in the printer mechanism to encode identifying information, such as the printer serial number and date of printing, in every printed page. To detect the extrinsic signature, we again scan the printed pages, and process them using image analysis techniques; but in this case, our goal is to decode the signature to extract the information embedded in it. Development of the methodology for extrinsic signature embedding will build directly on our work with intrinsic signatures. We will use our knowledge of the printer mechanism models and the results of the printer characterization to determine the printer process parameters that can be modulated to encode the desired identifying information. The modulation of these parameters will require modification to the actual printer mechanism.A distinguishing feature of the proposed effort will be the development of an undergraduate project course that will be associated with the research. In this course, students will learn about printing technologies and the application of electrical and mechanical engineering theory from their core courses to analysis and modeling of printing systems. They will also learn about image processing and decision theory; and they will see how all these tools can be applied to the solution of practical real-world problems.

提案编号CCR-0219893标题：ITR：用于安全和法医应用的打印机特征和签名嵌入联合主要调查人员：Jan P.Allebach，Edward J.Delp和George T.Chiu我们建议开发两种打印机识别策略。第一种策略是被动的。它包括确定打印机的特征，并在打印输出中找到该特定打印机、型号或制造商产品的固有特征。我们称其为内在签名。开发本征签名需要对打印机机理进行理解和建模，并开发图像分析工具，用于在签名开发阶段对打印机进行表征，然后在任意内容的打印页面中实际检测签名。通过使用高分辨率滚筒扫描仪扫描打印页面并应用低级别图像分析例程提取特征来检测本征签名。利用软分类器处理这些特征，以在决策树的每一级产生文档是用属于每个特定类别的设备打印的可能性。在决策树的最高层，提供了使用两种可能的主要打印技术中的哪一种的可能性：电子照相(通常指激光打印机)和喷墨打印机。在下一级，为候选打印机制造商生成可能性，依此类推。当我们向下遍历树时，我们会生成与相关特定打印机越来越特定的信息相关的相似度。第二个策略处于活动状态。在这里，我们在每一张打印页中嵌入一个外部签名。该签名是通过调制打印机机构中的工艺参数以在每个打印页面中编码诸如打印机序列号和打印日期之类的识别信息来生成的。为了检测外部签名，我们再次扫描打印的页面，并使用图像分析技术对其进行处理；但在这种情况下，我们的目标是解码签名以提取其中嵌入的信息。外部签名嵌入方法的开发将直接建立在我们对内部签名的工作基础上。我们将使用我们对打印机机构模型的知识和打印机表征的结果来确定可以被调制以编码所需识别信息的打印机工艺参数。这些参数的调整将需要修改实际的打印机机制。拟议工作的一个特点是将与研究相关的本科生项目课程的开发。在这门课程中，学生将学习印刷技术和机电工程理论的应用，从他们的核心课程到印刷系统的分析和建模。他们还将学习图像处理和决策理论；他们将了解如何将所有这些工具应用于解决现实世界的实际问题。