Study of Tornado-Induced Wind Loads on Built Structures

该项目采用了一种协同方法，包括使用现场数据、数值模拟和实验室模拟来研究龙卷风对人造或建筑结构的风荷载。该项目的主要目标是量化龙卷风对典型结构的风荷载，如低层和高层建筑、圆顶和弯曲屋顶结构、细长的烟囱和塔楼，这些建筑构成了我们的大部分建筑环境。在这个项目中，爱荷华州立大学（ISU）的实验室龙卷风模拟器被用来真实地产生各种类似龙卷风的漩涡，以测试它们对几何比例模型的建筑结构的加载效果。来自俄克拉荷马大学“车轮上的多普勒”研究的现场测量数据，以及ISU对龙卷风涡旋风的数值模拟产生的数据，将现场数据（可用于50英尺及以上）外推到地面，用于验证实验室龙卷风模拟器产生的流场。这个实验室模拟器采用了一种创新的机制，使其能够产生具有不同旋涡比、核心直径和雷诺数的平移龙卷风状涡旋，适用于几何比例模型测试。

This project uses a synergistic approach that involves use of field data, numerical simulation, and laboratory simulation to study tornado-induced wind loads on man-made or built structures. The primary objective of this project is to quantify tornado-induced wind loads on typical structures such as low-rise and high-rise buildings, dome-shaped and curved-roof structures, and slender chimneys and towers that comprise the majority of our built environment. In this project, a laboratory tornado simulator at Iowa State University (ISU) is used to realistically produce a variety of tornado-like vortices for testing their loading effects on geometrically-scaled models of built structures. Field measurement data from the University of Oklahoma's "Doppler on Wheels" studies along with the data generated by numerical simulations of tornado vortex winds at ISU to extrapolate the field data (available for 50 ft and above) to ground level are used to validate the flow field generated by the laboratory tornado simulator. This laboratory simulator uses an innovative mechanism that allows it to produce a translating tornado-like vortex with different Swirl ratios, core diameters and Reynolds numbers suitable for geometrically-scaled model testing.