The Genetic and Geographical Mosaics of Specialization: A Linkage Map-Based Analysis

专业化的遗传和地理马赛克：基于连锁图的分析

• 批准号: 0221211
• 负责人: Sara Via
• 金额: $ 10.6万
• 依托单位: University of Maryland, College Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-08-15 至 2005-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0221211&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Genetic; Geographical; Mosaics; Specialization; Linkage

The process of speciation requires the evolution of characters that act as barriers to gene flow. The barriers themselves are well studied but the genetic details of how they evolve and persist remain surprisingly obscure. Recent results from genetic linkage mapping reveal that races of pea aphids specialized on different crop plants differ at relatively few key genomic regions, with much of the genome remaining quite similar between these incipient species. This project concerns whether the same genetic markers linked to genomic regions controlling divergent host plant use in one geographical population of pea aphid (New York) are also associated with divergence between specialized pea aphid races in other locations (Iowa and Maryland). This will be accomplished by genotyping 200 aphids from each location. Finding that the same markers tag divergent genomic regions in different specialist populations will improve our understanding of the genetic processes involved in the evolution of divergent populations and demonstrate the utility of these mapped markers in further analyses of the evolution of specialization and speciation in pea aphids. This project will form the basis of a novel approach to the study of the genetic mechanisms of ecological specialization and speciation. It will also serve as a training ground in multidisciplinary approaches to speciation for undergraduates and graduate students. Moreover, this investigation of the genetics of crop pests will inform and influence future work in agricultural entomology. Both PIs are actively involved in outreach activities designed to further understanding of basic evolutionary principles among agriculturalists, conservation biologists, religious leaders and the general public.

物种形成的过程需要作为基因流动障碍的特征的进化。这些障碍本身已经得到了很好的研究，但它们如何演变和持续的遗传细节仍然令人惊讶地模糊不清。遗传连锁图谱的最新结果表明，在不同作物上专化的豌豆蚜小种在相对较少的关键基因组区域存在差异，这些初生物种之间的基因组大部分保持非常相似。该项目关注的是，在一个豌豆蚜虫地理种群(纽约)中，与控制不同寄主植物使用的基因组区域相关联的相同遗传标记是否也与其他地点(爱荷华州和马里兰州)的豌豆专门化小种之间的差异有关。这将通过对每个地点的200只蚜虫进行基因分型来实现。发现相同的标记标记不同专业种群中的不同基因组区域将提高我们对不同种群进化所涉及的遗传过程的理解，并展示这些定位的标记在进一步分析豌豆蚜虫的专门化和物种形成进化中的作用。该项目将成为研究生态专门化和物种形成的遗传机制的新方法的基础。它还将作为本科生和研究生采用多学科方法进行物种形成的培训基地。此外，对作物害虫遗传学的研究将为农业昆虫学的未来工作提供信息和影响。两个专业人士均积极参与外展活动，以加深农学家、保育生物学家、宗教领袖和公众对基本进化原则的认识。