Demographic Regimes and Kinship Systems

亲属系统定义了一系列的盟友和潜在的敌人，在人类学上的人口生活中发挥着核心作用，从觅食者到游牧民再到农民。一个社会中亲属的数量和种类是由其人口的人口统计比率产生的。这些人口通常很小，受环境波动的影响很小，并且受到随机变化的影响。这项试点研究通过模拟测试人口比率的不稳定繁荣和萧条对小人口中兄弟姐妹，堂兄弟姐妹和其他亲属数量的影响。该模型将区分队列效应和周期效应，并将控制由于样本量小而导致的随机性效应。使用模拟程序SOCSIM，研究人员将改变生育率，乱伦禁令，外婚制模式和随机人口冲击。要研究的基本问题是，在随机性和人口变化较小的现实条件下，亲属关系对人口变化的强烈反应以及这种变化的合理政治结果是否仍然可以检测到。这种探索性的研究对我们理解亲属关系的原生模式有一定的影响，这种模式将不同的谱系类型划分为相同的社会角色类别，从而压倒了语言分类的人口不平等。

Kinship systems which define sets of allies and potential enemies play a central role in the life of anthropological populations, from foragers to nomads to peasants. The number and kinds of kin in a society are produced by the demographic rates of its population. Such populations are usually small, poorly buffered from environmental fluctuations, and subject to random variation in rates. This pilot research tests through simulation the effects of unstable booms and busts in demographic rates on the number of siblings, cousins, and other relatives in small populations. The model will distinguish cohort effects from period effects and will control the effects of randomness due to small sample sizes. Using the simulation program SOCSIM, the researcher will vary fertility, incest prohibitions, patterns of exogamy and random demographic shocks. The fundamental question to be examined is whether the simple picture of sharp kinship responses to demographic change, and thus the plausible political outcomes of such changes, would remain detectable under realistic conditions of randomness and small population change. This exploratory research has implications for our understanding of native models of kinship which group different genealogical types into the same named social role categories, thus overriding demographic inequalities by linguistic classification.