Demographic Regimes and Kinship Systems

人口制度和亲属制度

• 批准号: 0228965
• 负责人: Eugene Hammel
• 金额: $ 2.5万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-07-15 至 2003-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0228965&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Demographic; Regimes; Kinship; Systems

Kinship systems which define sets of allies and potential enemies play a central role in the life of anthropological populations, from foragers to nomads to peasants. The number and kinds of kin in a society are produced by the demographic rates of its population. Such populations are usually small, poorly buffered from environmental fluctuations, and subject to random variation in rates. This pilot research tests through simulation the effects of unstable booms and busts in demographic rates on the number of siblings, cousins, and other relatives in small populations. The model will distinguish cohort effects from period effects and will control the effects of randomness due to small sample sizes. Using the simulation program SOCSIM, the researcher will vary fertility, incest prohibitions, patterns of exogamy and random demographic shocks. The fundamental question to be examined is whether the simple picture of sharp kinship responses to demographic change, and thus the plausible political outcomes of such changes, would remain detectable under realistic conditions of randomness and small population change. This exploratory research has implications for our understanding of native models of kinship which group different genealogical types into the same named social role categories, thus overriding demographic inequalities by linguistic classification.

定义盟友和潜在敌人的亲属制度在人类群体的生活中发挥着核心作用，从采集者到游牧民族再到农民。一个社会中亲属的数量和种类是由其人口的人口比率决定的。这些种群通常规模较小，对环境波动的缓冲能力较差，并且速率会随机变化。这项试点研究通过模拟测试人口比率不稳定的繁荣和萧条对小群体中兄弟姐妹、表兄弟姐妹和其他亲戚数量的影响。该模型将区分群组效应和时期效应，并控制由于样本量较小而产生的随机性影响。使用模拟程序 SOCSIM，研究人员将改变生育率、乱伦禁令、异族通婚模式和随机人口冲击。要研究的基本问题是，在随机性和人口变化较小的现实条件下，对人口变化的强烈亲属关系反应的简单图景以及这种变化的合理政治结果是否仍然可以检测到。这项探索性研究对我们理解本土亲属关系模式具有重要意义，该模式将不同的谱系类型归入相同的社会角色类别，从而通过语言分类来克服人口不平等。