Household Boundaries and Kinship Networks in Historical Family Reconstitution

历史家庭重构中的家庭界限与亲属网络

• 批准号: 0331564
• 负责人: Eugene Hammel
• 金额: $ 2.5万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-06-15 至 2005-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0331564&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Household; Boundaries; Kinship; Networks; Historical

The study of demographic processes in past time was greatly advanced by the adoption of family reconstitution methods using records of birth, marriage, and death, usually from parish registers. However the methodology is quite limited and ethnocentric. It rarely links persons beyond the nuclear family, and usually assumes that that family is a household. It rarely links persons beyond two-generations. It never examines the stochastic character of variant reconstitutions from the same basic data. It rarely cross-validates the reconstitution of event records by examination of census-type records such as household registers. This last failing results from the fact that household registers are composed of already reconstituted families and that if one's analytical interest is limited to the coresidential group there is no need to go further. This project is an exploratory and risky endeavor to test the optimality of family reconstitution of parish records, using c. 225,000 records of baptisms, marriages, and burials from central Slavonia, 1700-1900. This research will take advantage of ecclesiastical household censuses that are now machine-readable and can be matched to varying reconstitutions of the event data. It will also test the reconstitutions to find the reconstitution rules that achieve the best match with the censuses. The work is exploratory because it is a necessary first step toward examination of the role of kinship beyond the conjugal family and beyond the extended household. It is a significant advance in historical anthropological demography. It is risky because no one has done it, and although preliminary trials in some aspects are promising, it is not known if the cross-validation with the censuses will actually work. The intellectual merit of this proposal includes the application of a rigorous anthropological and structural-functional point of view into discussions of economic and social causality in historical demographic change. The broader implications of this proposal are that all of the underlying and processed data will be available on the Internet as a public good. The algorithms and code will be available, to be adapted by other researchers to their own datasets. This will enhance the adoption of these methods by other historical and anthropological demographers, beyond what could be achieved by ordinary scholarly publication.

通过采用通常来自教区登记册的出生、婚姻和死亡记录的家庭重建方法，极大地推进了过去对人口过程的研究。然而，该方法非常有限且以种族为中心。它很少将核心家庭以外的人联系起来，并且通常假设该家庭是一个家庭。它很少将两代人以上的人联系起来。它从不检查来自相同基本数据的变体重构的随机特征。它很少通过检查户口簿等人口普查类型记录来交叉验证事件记录的重建。最后一个失败的原因是，户口簿是由已经重组的家庭组成的，如果一个人的分析兴趣仅限于同居群体，就没有必要更进一步。该项目是一项探索性且冒险的尝试，旨在使用 c 来测试教区记录的家庭重建的最优性。 1700 年至 1900 年斯拉沃尼亚中部的 225,000 份洗礼、婚姻和埋葬记录。 这项研究将利用现在机器可读的教会家庭人口普查，并且可以与事件数据的不同重构相匹配。它还将测试重建，以找到与人口普查实现最佳匹配的重建规则。 这项工作是探索性的，因为它是检验超越夫妻家庭和大家庭的亲属关系作用的必要的第一步。这是历史人类学人口学的重大进步。这是有风险的，因为没有人这样做过，尽管初步试验在某些方面很有希望，但与人口普查的交叉验证是否真正有效尚不得而知。该提案的智力价值包括将严格的人类学和结构功能观点应用于历史人口变化中的经济和社会因果关系的讨论。 该提案更广泛的影响是，所有基础和处理后的数据都将作为公共物品在互联网上提供。算法和代码将可供其他研究人员根据他们自己的数据集进行调整。这将促进其他历史和人类学人口统计学家对这些方法的采用，超出普通学术出版物所能实现的范围。