Collaborative Research: Variability and Forcing of Fluxes through Nares Strait and Jones Sound: A Freshwater Emphasis

众所周知，通过加拿大群岛的流量是北冰洋淡水流量计算中缺少的一个变量。这项工作将是美国、加拿大和日本联合研究团队的一部分，该团队将应用成熟和创新的技术组合来做其他事情；使用系泊装置监测Nares海峡、Cardigan St.和Hell Gate的水特性和洋流，为期3.5年；通过卫星观测和系泊观测测量冰通量；创建示踪水文时间序列，探索双壳类贝壳记录作为历史流量变化的代理；并使用北极和全球模型来参数化海洋环流。通过教师参与游船活动、与当地社区（即努纳武特联邦）的媒体和互联网互动、本科、研究生和技术培训以及与更广泛的科学界的交流，向中学教育和一般公众进行宣传是研究计划的一部分。以下是实地研究计划的组成部分：1)纳尔斯海峡和琼斯湾的系泊阵列。该阵列将部署在肯尼迪海峡，并将解决精确估计通量、误差和对远程和本地强迫的动态响应所需的空间和时间尺度。2)利用先进微波扫描辐射计（AMSR）和AVHRR影像确定冰平流。将卫星数据与向上看的声纳测量数据进行比较，将评估冰运动估计中的误差。这些测量结果将用于估计纳尔斯海峡、琼斯海峡和兰开斯特海峡指定区域的冰通量。3)将测量各种化学物质作为水文示踪剂，以破译水团的起源。将测量现代软体动物的稳定碳和氧同位素组成，以追踪水文条件的季节和年际变化。4)利用模式确定海峡风应力场。一项区域和全球系统建模工作将评估格陵兰岛东部和西部的冰动力和淡水流量。

The flux through the Canadian Archipelago is known to be a missing variable in the freshwater flux calculations for the Arctic Ocean. This effort will be part of a combined US-Canadian-Japanese research team that will apply a combination of proven and innovative technologies to do among others; monitor water properties and currents over a 3.5 year period in Nares Strait, Cardigan St. and Hell Gate using moorings; measure ice-fluxes through satellite-based and mooring observations; create a tracer hydrographic time-series, explore bivalve shell records as a proxy for historical through flow variability; and use Arctic and global models to parameterize oceanic through flow. Outreach to secondary education and general public levels via teacher participation in cruises, media and internet interactions with local communities, i.e. the Nunavut Federation, undergraduate, graduate and technical training and communication with the broader scientific community are part of the research plan.The following are components of the field research plan:1) Mooring arrays at Nares Strait and Jones Sound. The array will be deployed across the Kennedy Channel and will resolve the spatial and temporal scales required to develop accurate estimate of fluxes, errors and dynamical responses to remote and local forcing.2) Use of Advance Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR) and AVHRR imagery to determine ice advection. Comparing staelliite data to upward looking sonar measurements will assess errors in ice motion estimates. These measurements will be used to estimate ice fluxes across defined sections of Nares Strait, Jones Sound and Lancaster Sound.3) Various chemical species will be measured as hydrographic tracers to decipher water mass origins. Stable carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of modern mollusks will be measured to trace seasonal and interannual variations in hydrographic conditions. 4) Models will be used to determine wind stress fields in the Strait. A regional and global system modeling effort will assess ice dynamics and freshwater flow both east and west o Greenland.