Collaborative Research: Variability and Forcing of Fluxes through Nares Strait and Jones Sound: A Freshwater Emphasis

在北冰洋的淡水通量计算中，加拿大群岛的通量被认为是一个缺失的变量。这项工作将是美国-加拿大-日本联合研究小组的一部分，该小组将应用经验证和创新的技术来开展工作，除其他外：利用系泊设备监测Nares海峡、Cardigan St.和地狱门3.5年期间的水性质和水流；通过基于卫星和系泊设备的观测测量冰通量；创建示踪水文时间序列，探索双壳类贝壳记录作为历史贯通流量变异性的替代办法；以及利用北极和全球模型对大洋贯通流量进行参数化。通过教师参与巡航、媒体和互联网与当地社区(如努纳武特联邦)的互动、本科生、研究生和技术培训以及与更广泛的科学界的交流，扩大到中学教育和一般公众层面是研究计划的一部分。该阵列将部署在肯尼迪海峡，并将解析对通量、误差和对远程和本地强迫的动态响应进行准确估计所需的空间和时间尺度。2)使用先进的微波扫描辐射计(AMSR)和AVHRR图像来确定冰的平流。将硅灰石数据与仰视声纳测量进行比较，将评估冰运动估计的误差。这些测量将被用来估计纳尔斯海峡、琼斯海峡和兰开斯特海峡确定的区段的冰通量。3)将作为水文示踪剂测量各种化学物质，以破译水团的来源。将测量现代软体动物的稳定碳和氧同位素组成，以追踪水文条件的季节性和年际变化。4)利用模型确定海峡风应力场。区域和全球系统建模工作将评估格陵兰岛东西两个方向的冰动态和淡水流动。

The flux through the Canadian Archipelago is known to be a missing variable in the freshwater flux calculations for the Arctic Ocean. This effort will be part of a combined US-Canadian-Japanese research team that will apply a combination of proven and innovative technologies to do among others; monitor water properties and currents over a 3.5 year period in Nares Strait, Cardigan St. and Hell Gate using moorings; measure ice-fluxes through satellite-based and mooring observations; create a tracer hydrographic time-series, explore bivalve shell records as a proxy for historical through flow variability; and use Arctic and global models to parameterize oceanic through flow. Outreach to secondary education and general public levels via teacher participation in cruises, media and internet interactions with local communities, i.e. the Nunavut Federation, undergraduate, graduate and technical training and communication with the broader scientific community are part of the research plan.The following are components of the field research plan:1) Mooring arrays at Nares Strait and Jones Sound. The array will be deployed across the Kennedy Channel and will resolve the spatial and temporal scales required to develop accurate estimate of fluxes, errors and dynamical responses to remote and local forcing.2) Use of Advance Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR) and AVHRR imagery to determine ice advection. Comparing staelliite data to upward looking sonar measurements will assess errors in ice motion estimates. These measurements will be used to estimate ice fluxes across defined sections of Nares Strait, Jones Sound and Lancaster Sound.3) Various chemical species will be measured as hydrographic tracers to decipher water mass origins. Stable carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of modern mollusks will be measured to trace seasonal and interannual variations in hydrographic conditions. 4) Models will be used to determine wind stress fields in the Strait. A regional and global system modeling effort will assess ice dynamics and freshwater flow both east and west o Greenland.