Collaborative Research: Variability and Forcing of Fluxes through Nares Strait and Jones Sound: A Freshwater Emphasis

通过加拿大群岛的通量是已知的北冰洋淡水通量计算中的一个缺失变量。这项工作将是美国、加拿大和日本联合研究小组的一部分，该小组将综合运用经过验证的创新技术，除其他外，监测内尔斯海峡、开衫街和地狱门3.5年期间的水质和水流;通过卫星和系泊观测测量冰通量;创建一个示踪水文时间序列，探索双壳类贝壳记录作为历史通过流量变化的代理，并使用北极和全球模型来参数化海洋通过流量。通过教师参加巡航、媒体和互联网与当地社区（即努纳武特联合会）互动、本科生、研究生和技术培训以及与更广泛的科学界交流，向中学教育和一般公众一级进行宣传，这些都是研究计划的一部分。该阵列将部署在肯尼迪海峡，并将解决所需的空间和时间尺度，以准确估计通量、误差和对远程和本地强迫的动态反应。将卫星陨石数据与上视声纳测量结果进行比较，将评估冰运动估计的误差。这些测量结果将用于估计穿过内尔斯海峡、琼斯海峡和兰开斯特海峡的特定部分的冰通量。3）将测量各种化学物质作为水文示踪剂，以破译水团的起源。将测量现代软体动物的稳定碳和氧同位素组成，以追踪水文条件的季节和年际变化。4)模型将用于确定海峡的风应力场。区域和全球系统模拟工作将评估格陵兰岛东部和西部的冰动态和淡水流量。

The flux through the Canadian Archipelago is known to be a missing variable in the freshwater flux calculations for the Arctic Ocean. This effort will be part of a combined US-Canadian-Japanese research team that will apply a combination of proven and innovative technologies to do among others; monitor water properties and currents over a 3.5 year period in Nares Strait, Cardigan St. and Hell Gate using moorings; measure ice-fluxes through satellite-based and mooring observations; create a tracer hydrographic time-series, explore bivalve shell records as a proxy for historical through flow variability; and use Arctic and global models to parameterize oceanic through flow. Outreach to secondary education and general public levels via teacher participation in cruises, media and internet interactions with local communities, i.e. the Nunavut Federation, undergraduate, graduate and technical training and communication with the broader scientific community are part of the research plan.The following are components of the field research plan:1) Mooring arrays at Nares Strait and Jones Sound. The array will be deployed across the Kennedy Channel and will resolve the spatial and temporal scales required to develop accurate estimate of fluxes, errors and dynamical responses to remote and local forcing.2) Use of Advance Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR) and AVHRR imagery to determine ice advection. Comparing staelliite data to upward looking sonar measurements will assess errors in ice motion estimates. These measurements will be used to estimate ice fluxes across defined sections of Nares Strait, Jones Sound and Lancaster Sound.3) Various chemical species will be measured as hydrographic tracers to decipher water mass origins. Stable carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of modern mollusks will be measured to trace seasonal and interannual variations in hydrographic conditions. 4) Models will be used to determine wind stress fields in the Strait. A regional and global system modeling effort will assess ice dynamics and freshwater flow both east and west o Greenland.