Functional Genomics of High Pressure Adaptation

高压适应的功能基因组学

• 批准号: 0237059
• 负责人: Douglas Bartlett
• 金额: $ 39.25万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego Scripps Inst of Oceanography
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-03-01 至 2007-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0237059&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Functional; Genomics; Pressure; Adaptation

A grant has been awarded to Dr. Douglas Bartlett of Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego to identify and characterize genes and proteins which enable some species of microorganisms to flourish in deep ocean environments where the pressure can be as great as one thousand times greater than that which exists on the surface of our planet and where the temperature is close to freezing. Most of the proposed work will be performed on a deep-sea bacterial species whose entire genome sequence will soon be completely known. In order to accomplish the research goals mutant cells unable to grow at high pressure will be isolated and the basis of their pressure sensitivity will be ascertained using state of the art bacterial genetic and molecular biology techniques. Proteins whose abundance is controlled by pressure will be identified using a semi-automated biochemical process. The properties of genetically engineered mutants that cannot make certain pressure-regulated proteins will be examined so that the role of these proteins in microbial growth at high pressure can be better understood.Bacteria possess a greater variety of genes than any other life forms and many of these genes have value in medicine and biotechnology. Microbes from the extreme environment of the deep ocean will undoubtedly possess novel genes of practical value. For example, it is already known that many deep-sea bacteria have genes for the production of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and these molecules are useful for human cardiovascular health and the prevention of certain diseases. Characterizing the genes and proteins which enable life in the abyss, which represents the largest part of Earth where life is found, provides the opportunity for learning fundamental details of how life can exist under dramatically different physical constraints. In addition, the work performed as a part of this grant may provide details on how life could exist outside of our planet where low temperatures and high pressures exist, such as within the aquatic environment of Jupiter's moon Europa.

已向圣地亚哥加州大学斯克里普斯海洋学研究所的道格拉斯巴特利特博士提供了一笔赠款，以确定和鉴定使某些微生物物种能够在深海环境中繁殖的基因和蛋白质，在深海环境中，压力可能比地球表面的压力大一千倍，温度接近冰点。 大多数拟议的工作将在深海细菌物种上进行，其整个基因组序列不久将完全已知。 为了实现研究目标，将分离不能在高压下生长的突变细胞，并使用最先进的细菌遗传学和分子生物学技术确定其压力敏感性的基础。 将使用半自动生化过程鉴定丰度受压力控制的蛋白质。 研究人员将对不能产生某些压力调节蛋白质的基因工程突变体的特性进行研究，以便更好地了解这些蛋白质在高压下微生物生长中的作用。细菌拥有比任何其他生命形式更多的基因，其中许多基因在医学和生物技术方面具有价值。 来自深海极端环境的微生物无疑将拥有具有实用价值的新基因。 例如，人们已经知道，许多深海细菌具有生产欧米茄-3多不饱和脂肪酸的基因，这些分子对人类心血管健康和预防某些疾病是有用的。 深渊代表了地球上发现生命的最大部分，确定深渊中生命存在的基因和蛋白质的特征，为了解生命如何在截然不同的物理限制下生存的基本细节提供了机会。 此外，作为这项资助的一部分所进行的工作可能会提供有关生命如何在我们的星球之外存在的细节，那里存在低温和高压，例如木星卫星欧罗巴的水生环境。