Polarimetric and Spaced Antenna Velocity Measurements of Severe Storms and Tornadoes with Mobile Radars

该合同支持的研究重点是开发用于气象研究的先进移动雷达系统。具体研究工作如下：1。利用x波段雷达实现并验证了一种双极化间隔天线横向测速技术，测量垂直于波束指向方向的散射体速度分量。该技术与传统的多普勒测量相结合，将导致用单个空间天线多普勒雷达系统收集二维速度场数据。这一努力的智力价值是显著的，因为二维速度测量一直很困难，只能通过粗分辨率、垂直指向风廓线仪、与多个雷达系统或扫描雷达协调测量来完成，这需要假设一个均匀的风场。为x波段雷达开发和测试偏振校准技术、雨率和冰雹测绘算法。这项研究工作的智力价值在于，有可能在空间分辨率上定量绘制降水图，这是更常见的s波段天气雷达系统所无法做到的。现场测试和收集高时间分辨率（10-20秒更新）体积（0-24度仰角，360度方位角，30公里范围）反射率和多普勒速度场数据，使用移动x波段相控阵多普勒雷达系统，该系统正在海军研究办公室的支持下部分开发。作为这项研究的一部分，Pazmany博士将与俄克拉何马大学的Bluestein博士（ATM-0241037）协调他的活动。Bluestein博士是一名大气科学家，他的主要研究目标是利用观测和数值模型来研究强风暴和龙卷风的各个方面。帕兹马尼博士和他的先进雷达将为布鲁斯坦博士使用的观测基地做出贡献。由于这项联合研究工作，预计拟议活动的更广泛影响将最终导致对恶劣天气事件的更准确预测。

The research supported under this award is focused on the development of advanced, mobile radar systems to be used in meteorological research. Specific research efforts are the following:1. Implement and validate a dual-polarized spaced-antennae transverse velocity measurement technique with the X-band radar to measure scatterer velocity component perpendicular to the beam pointing direction. This technique, in combination with conventional Doppler measurements, will lead to the collection of two-dimensional velocity field data with a single, spaced-antennae Doppler radar system. The intellectual merit of this effort is significant, as two-dimensional velocity measurements have been difficult and only been accomplished with coarse resolution, vertical-pointing wind profilers, coordinated measurement with multiple radar systems or with a scanning radar which requires the assumption of a uniform wind field.2. Develop and test polarimetric calibration techniques and rain rate and hail mapping algorithms for the X-band radar. The intellectual merit of this research effort is the potential for quantitative precipitation mapping at a spatial resolution that is not possible with the more common S-band weather radar systems.3. Field test and collect high temporal resolution (10-20 second update) volume (0-24 deg elevation, 360 deg azimuth, to 30 km range) reflectivity and Doppler velocity field data in storms with a mobile X-band phased array Doppler radar system, which is being partially developed under support from the Office of Naval Research.As part of this research, Dr. Pazmany will coordinate his activities with Dr. Bluestein of the University of Oklahoma (ATM-0241037). Dr. Bluestein is an atmospheric scientist and the primary objective of his research is to use observations and numerical models to study various aspects of severe storms and tornadoes. Dr. Pazmany and his advanced radars will contribute to the observational base to be used by Dr. Bluestein. Due to this joint research effort, it is anticipated that the broader impacts of the proposed activity will ultimately lead to a more accurate prediction of severe weather events.