Polarimetric and Spaced Antenna Velocity Measurements of Severe Storms and Tornadoes with Mobile Radars

该奖项资助的研究重点是发展先进的、用于气象研究的移动的雷达系统。 具体研究工作如下：1. 利用X波段雷达实现并验证了一种双极化间隔天线横向速度测量技术，以测量垂直于波束指向方向的散射体速度分量。 这种技术与传统的多普勒测量相结合，将导致用单个间隔天线多普勒雷达系统收集二维速度场数据。 这一努力的智力价值是显著的，因为二维速度测量一直是困难的，并且只能通过粗分辨率、垂直指向的风廓线仪、多个雷达系统的协调测量或需要假设均匀风场的扫描雷达来完成。 为X波段雷达开发和测试极化校准技术以及降雨率和冰雹测绘算法。 这项研究工作的智力价值是在空间分辨率上进行定量降水绘图的潜力，这是更常见的S波段天气雷达系统所不可能实现的。 现场测试和采集高时间分辨率（10-20秒更新）卷（0-24度仰角，360度方位角，30公里范围）反射率和多普勒速度场数据在风暴与移动的X波段相控阵多普勒雷达系统，这是部分开发的支持下，由海军研究办公室。作为这项研究的一部分，Pazmany博士将与俄克拉荷马州大学的Bluestein博士（ATM-0241037）协调他的活动。 Bluestein博士是一位大气科学家，他研究的主要目标是利用观测和数值模型来研究严重风暴和龙卷风的各个方面。 帕兹马尼博士和他的先进雷达将为布鲁斯坦博士使用的观测基地做出贡献。 由于这一联合研究工作，预计拟议活动的更广泛影响将最终导致对恶劣天气事件作出更准确的预测。

The research supported under this award is focused on the development of advanced, mobile radar systems to be used in meteorological research. Specific research efforts are the following:1. Implement and validate a dual-polarized spaced-antennae transverse velocity measurement technique with the X-band radar to measure scatterer velocity component perpendicular to the beam pointing direction. This technique, in combination with conventional Doppler measurements, will lead to the collection of two-dimensional velocity field data with a single, spaced-antennae Doppler radar system. The intellectual merit of this effort is significant, as two-dimensional velocity measurements have been difficult and only been accomplished with coarse resolution, vertical-pointing wind profilers, coordinated measurement with multiple radar systems or with a scanning radar which requires the assumption of a uniform wind field.2. Develop and test polarimetric calibration techniques and rain rate and hail mapping algorithms for the X-band radar. The intellectual merit of this research effort is the potential for quantitative precipitation mapping at a spatial resolution that is not possible with the more common S-band weather radar systems.3. Field test and collect high temporal resolution (10-20 second update) volume (0-24 deg elevation, 360 deg azimuth, to 30 km range) reflectivity and Doppler velocity field data in storms with a mobile X-band phased array Doppler radar system, which is being partially developed under support from the Office of Naval Research.As part of this research, Dr. Pazmany will coordinate his activities with Dr. Bluestein of the University of Oklahoma (ATM-0241037). Dr. Bluestein is an atmospheric scientist and the primary objective of his research is to use observations and numerical models to study various aspects of severe storms and tornadoes. Dr. Pazmany and his advanced radars will contribute to the observational base to be used by Dr. Bluestein. Due to this joint research effort, it is anticipated that the broader impacts of the proposed activity will ultimately lead to a more accurate prediction of severe weather events.