Remote Sensing of Tornadoes and Storms with Mobile W-band Polarimetric and X-band Spaced-Antenna and Phased-Array Doppler Radar

使用移动 W 波段极化和 X 波段间隔天线以及相控阵多普勒雷达遥感龙卷风和风暴

• 批准号: 0641201
• 负责人: Stephen Frasier
• 金额: $ 65.06万
• 依托单位: University of Massachusetts Amherst
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-01-15 至 2010-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0641201&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Remote; Sensing; Tornadoes; Storms; Mobile

Under this research effort, the Principal Investigator will continue a collaboration of research on severe storms with the University of Oklahoma (OU) through the use of two existing polarimetric mobile Doppler radar systems developed by UMass and through the development, test, and evaluation of an X-band pulse compression Doppler radar transceiver that will enable compatibility with phased-array technology already under development at UMass. The project includes operation of two mobile radar systems (a W-band polarimetric Doppler radar and an X-band dual-polarized Doppler radar with spaced-antenna capability). Additionally associated signal processing algorithms for use with spaced antennas and phased array antennas will be developed and evaluated Under prior support UMass has developed a dual-polarized spaced-antenna (DPSA) to estimate transverse (cross-beam) velocities in addition to the standard Doppler (radial) velocities. The objective is to retrieve 2-D velocity vectors from a common point. This antenna was fielded for the first time during Spring 2005 and data analysis is currently underway. Under this award, the PI will continue these efforts in wind field retrieval techniques and extend them towards rapid diagnosis of tornadoes and other severe storm features using electronically-scanned antennas. The research will make use of existing infrastructure at the University of Massachusetts and will position the program to take advantage of future technology developments occurring within the NSF-sponsored Engineering Research Center for Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere (CASA). Specific research efforts will focus on the following objectives: (1) Continue analysis of transverse wind estimates using spaced-antenna approaches performed in 2005. (2) Maintain and operate the UMass W-band and X-band mobile Doppler radars for tornado and severe storm research on the Great Plains. (3) Implement a pulse-compression transceiver to improve spatial resolution, to provide frequency and phase agility with existing antennas, and to support dual-polarized phased-array antennas under development by CASA. The intellectual merit of the research is to develop and improve techniques for radar remote sensing of severe weather phenomena such as tornadoes and to develop affordable technology to do so. The broader impacts are to improve understanding of the kinematics and dynamics of severe convective storms and their formation, ultimately leading to improved predictions of such severe weather events. In addition, the project includes strong involvement of engineering graduate students from UMass working directly with graduate students in meteorology from OU.

根据这项研究工作，首席调查员将继续与俄克拉何马大学合作研究严重风暴，方法是使用由俄克拉何马大学开发的两个现有的极化移动多普勒雷达系统，并通过开发、测试和评估X波段脉冲压缩多普勒雷达收发机，该收发器将能够与俄克拉何马大学已经在开发的相控阵技术兼容。该项目包括运行两个移动雷达系统(一个W波段极化多普勒雷达和一个X波段具有间隔天线能力的双极化多普勒雷达)。此外，还将在先前的支持下开发和评估用于间隔天线和相控阵天线的相关信号处理算法。除了标准的多普勒(径向)速度外，联合质量公司还开发了一种双极化间隔天线(DPSA)，用于估计横向(交叉波束)速度。目标是从一个公共点恢复二维速度矢量。该天线在2005年春季首次部署，目前正在进行数据分析。根据该奖项，PI将继续这些在风场恢复技术方面的努力，并将其扩展到使用电子扫描天线快速诊断龙卷风和其他严重风暴特征。这项研究将利用马萨诸塞大学现有的基础设施，并将该计划定位为利用NSF赞助的大气协作自适应传感工程研究中心(CASA)未来的技术开发。具体的研究工作将侧重于以下目标：(1)继续分析2005年使用间隔天线方法进行的横向风速估计。(2)维护和使用UMASS W波段和X波段移动多普勒雷达，用于大平原上的龙卷风和强风暴研究。(3)实现脉冲压缩收发机，以提高空间分辨率，利用现有天线提供频率和相位捷变，并支持CASA正在开发的双极化相控阵天线。这项研究的智力价值在于开发和改进对龙卷风等恶劣天气现象的雷达遥感技术，并为此开发负担得起的技术。更广泛的影响是提高对强对流风暴及其形成的运动学和动力学的了解，最终导致对此类恶劣天气事件的预测得到改善。此外，该项目还包括马萨诸塞州大学工程学研究生与俄勒冈州大学气象学研究生直接合作。