NSF-Europe: Nano-Structured Ionic Materials: Impact on Properties and Performance

NSF-欧洲：纳米结构离子材料：对特性和性能的影响

• 批准号: 0243993
• 负责人: Harry Tuller
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-08-01 至 2009-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0243993&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: NSF; Europe; Nano; Structured; Ionic

In this project, we undertake a comprehensive study of the effects of grain boundaries on the ionic and electronic transport properties of nanoscale ionic materials in which space charge effects may dominate transport even within the core of the grains. Thin-film processing methods will be used to generate fluorite (e.g. ceria) and perovskite (e.g. LSM)-based films with controlled microstructures resulting in columnar or equi-axed grain structures with grains sizes ranging from the nano- to the micro-scale. In-diffusion techniques will further allow selected boundaries to be doped with a variety of elements with differing ionic radii and charge. Structural and chemical analysis of the specimens will be carried out by SEM and TEM. HRTEM will be used to obtain detailed information about the structure of grain boundaries. Photolithographic methods will be used to fabricate microelectrodes with ability to focus attention on one or a small number of boundaries and to examine the role of triple phase boundaries in a highly systematic manner by both electrical and electrochemical means. Instrumentation will be developed to enable such studies to be performed in situ as functions of temperature and atmosphere. Models describing the combined roles of grain boundary structure and chemistry and grain size on defect equilibria and transport will be refined and examined in relation to the measurements performed in this study.Ionic and mixed ionic-electronic conductors (MIEC) are of interest for strategic applications related to energy conversion and environmental monitoring including batteries, fuel cells, permeation membranes and sensors. Fuel cells, for example, with high-energy conversion efficiencies and low emissions show promise as a replacement for combustion-based electrical generators of all sizes. Using nanostructured ionic materials within fuel cells could potentially facilitate lower temperature operation and thereby provide faster start-up times, improved stability, reduced cost and less complicated thermal management. Micro-fuel-cells, fabricated from thin films with nanodimensions, further promise extended operation of portable electronic devices such as laptop computers. This study will examine how the properties of materials optimized for fuel cell operation are influenced by extension to the nanoscale and how these differences can be utilized in improving the performance of these and related devices.This NSF project is co-funded by the Office of Multidisciplinary Activities, and the Division of Materials Research (Ceramics) and the International Office (Western Europe) as a Cooperative Activity in Materials Research between the NSF and Europe (NSF 02-135). This project is being carried out in collaboration with the University of Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany and the Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany.

在这个项目中，我们进行了一个全面的研究晶粒边界上的纳米离子材料的离子和电子传输特性的影响，其中空间电荷效应可能占主导地位的运输，甚至在核心的晶粒。 薄膜加工方法将用于生成具有受控微观结构的基于萤石（例如二氧化铈）和钙钛矿（例如LSM）的薄膜，从而产生粒度范围从纳米到微米的柱状或等轴晶粒结构。尺度。 内扩散技术将进一步允许用具有不同离子半径和电荷的各种元素掺杂选定的边界。将通过SEM和TEM对样品进行结构和化学分析。 HRTEM将用于获得有关晶界结构的详细信息。光刻方法将被用来制造微电极的能力，集中注意力在一个或少数的边界，并检查三相边界的作用，在一个高度系统的方式通过电气和电化学手段。将开发仪器，以便能够在现场进行这种研究，作为温度和大气的函数。描述晶界结构和化学和缺陷平衡和运输的晶粒尺寸的综合作用的模型将被细化和检查在本study.Ionic和混合离子电子导体（MIEC）进行的测量相关的战略应用的兴趣与能量转换和环境监测，包括电池，燃料电池，渗透膜和传感器。 例如，具有高能量转换效率和低排放的燃料电池显示出作为各种尺寸的燃烧发电机的替代品的前景。 在燃料电池中使用纳米结构的离子材料可能有助于低温操作，从而提供更快的启动时间，改善的稳定性，降低的成本和更简单的热管理。 微型燃料电池由纳米尺度的薄膜制成，进一步保证了便携式电子设备（如笔记本电脑）的扩展操作。 这项研究将研究如何优化燃料电池操作的材料的性能受到纳米尺度的影响，以及如何利用这些差异来提高这些和相关设备的性能。以及材料研究部（陶瓷）和国际办公室（西欧）作为NSF和欧洲之间的材料研究合作活动（NSF 02-135）。该项目是与德国卡尔斯鲁厄的卡尔斯鲁厄大学和德国斯图加特的马克斯·普朗克固态研究所合作进行的。