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Evolution of insect-mediated pollination indicated by Palaeogene flowers and insects from Central Europe

中欧古近纪花卉和昆虫表明昆虫介导的授粉的进化

基本信息

批准号：
162121370
负责人：
Professor Dr. Torsten Wappler
金额：
--
依托单位：
Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2009-12-31 至 2013-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/162121370?language=en
关键词：
Evolution insect mediated pollination indicated

项目摘要

Interactions among species are one of the most important drivers of the ecology and evolution of species. Throughout the last years, interesting insights into Palaeogene plant/insect associations from selected European localities (Messel, Eckfeld, Enspel) have been obtained. However, one component that was completely disregarded in all of these studies so far are the insect/flower associations. Because of their outstanding preservation quality of not just flowers and insects, but also direct evidence such as pollen-matching and gut content, the investigated localities offer world-wide unique requirements to study insect/flower associations. These are multifaceted and can be examined from botanical, entomological, ecological and evolutionary viewpoints that are often summarised under the heading of pollination biology. Given the fact that insect pollination is the dominant method of reproduction of flowering plants, which themselves comprise the bulk of the Palaeogene and modern flora, the role of insects in shaping major ecosystems cannot be underestimated. In this project, will combine for the first time quantitative studies of Palaeogene antagonistic and mutualistic associations between insects and their consumed/visited fowers from temperate ecosystems to answer following questions: To which extend does the fossil record of Palaeogene flowers reveal patterns relevant to insect pollination and angiosperm radiation and angiosperm success? Can the fossil data support an evaluation of mutualism in deep time coupled with morphological traits of the insects and flowers themselves? How stable are specific mutualistic relationships over geological time? Finally, estimates for special palaeobiological or palaeoecological adjustments for pollinator relationships in the Palaeogene will be obtained.

物种间的相互作用是物种生态学和进化的重要驱动力之一。在过去的几年里，从选定的欧洲地区（Messel, Eckfeld, Enspel）获得了关于古近纪植物/昆虫关联的有趣见解。然而，到目前为止，在所有这些研究中完全忽视的一个组成部分是昆虫/花的关联。由于被调查地区不仅保存了花和昆虫，而且还保存了花粉匹配和肠道含量等直接证据，因此为研究昆虫/花的关联提供了世界范围内独特的条件。这些都是多方面的，可以从植物学、昆虫学、生态学和进化的角度进行检查，这些观点通常在授粉生物学的标题下进行总结。考虑到昆虫授粉是开花植物繁殖的主要方式，而开花植物本身又构成了古近纪和现代植物群的主体，昆虫在形成主要生态系统中的作用不可低估。在这个项目中，将首次结合对温带生态系统中昆虫与其消费/访问花之间的拮抗和互惠关系的定量研究，以回答以下问题：古近纪花的化石记录在多大程度上揭示了与昆虫授粉、被子植物辐射和被子植物成功相关的模式？化石资料能否支持昆虫和花卉本身的形态特征与深层共生关系的评价？特定的互惠关系在地质年代中有多稳定？最后，对古近纪传粉者关系的特殊古生物学或古生态调整进行估计。