Quantification of Unintentional Water Recycling in Surface Waters

地表水中无意水循环的量化

• 批准号: 0303627
• 负责人: David Sedlak
• 金额: $ 45万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-04-01 至 2006-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0303627&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Quantification; Unintentional; Water; Recycling; Surface

0303627 Sedlak Recent advances in analytical chemistry have led to the detection of numerous previously ignored chemical contaminants in municipal wastewater effluent. While the presence of these wastewater-derived contaminants has led to considerable scrutiny of projects in which highly treated wastewater is used to augment water supplies, little attention has been paid to the unintentional recycling of wastewater effluent. Results of a survey conducted during the 1970s suggested that over 7.7 million U.S. residents receive water from sources that consist of more than 50% wastewater effluent during some portion of the year. As a result of continued population growth, especially in arid regions, it is likely that the current number of people receiving wastewater-impacted water is even higher. Because many wastewater-derived contaminants are not removed during water treatment, this pathway could result in exposure of large populations to chemicals that are carcinogens or endocrine disrupters.Intellectual MeritThe objective of this project is to assess the current extent of unintentional recycling ofwastewater effluent and to develop tools that can be used to assess the potential presence of wastewater-derived contaminants in water supplies. These objectives will be accomplished through a combination of hydrologic modeling and field measurements. In the first phase of the project, locations where unintentional recycling is likely to be significant will be identified and a suite of conservative and reactive tracers will be evaluated under conditions found in surface waters. The hydrologic analysis will include estimation the fraction of wastewater effluent at drinking water intakes during average and low-flow conditions and the amount of time the water has spent in the river prior to abstraction. On the basis of this preliminary analysis, three sites will be chosen for further analysis during the second phase of the project. At each site, the hydrologic model will be refined using site-specific data including river morphology, precipitation and contaminant attenuation rates. Predictions from the model will be compared with measurements of conservative and reactive tracers made at locations throughout the contributing areas of the watershed. Discrepancies between model predictions and measurements will be used to refine the models and to obtain a better estimate of contaminant attenuation rates.Broader ImpactsIn addition to providing new insight into the risks posed by the unintentional recycling ofwastewater effluent, the project will have a broad impact on science and engineering byproviding new research opportunities for students from underrepresented groups. During the first phase of the research, high school students from low-performing local schools will assist in the collection of data needed to identify sites where unintentional recycling is significant. During the second phase of the project, undergraduate students from underrepresented groups will assist in field work and analysis of data.

0303627 塞德拉克 分析化学的最新进展使得许多以前被忽视的化学污染物在城市污水中的检测。虽然这些源自废水的污染物的存在导致对使用高度处理的废水来增加供水的项目进行了大量审查，但很少注意废水流出物的无意再循环。20世纪70年代进行的一项调查结果表明，超过770万美国居民在一年中的某些时间内从超过50%的废水来源获得水。由于人口持续增长，特别是在干旱地区，目前接受受废水影响的水的人数可能会更高。由于许多废水衍生的污染物在水处理过程中没有被去除，这一途径可能导致大量人口接触到致癌物或内分泌干扰物的化学品。智力MeritThe本项目的目标是评估目前无意的回收程度ofwastewater污水和开发工具，可用于评估潜在的存在，废水衍生的污染物在供水。这些目标将通过水文建模和实地测量相结合来实现。在该项目的第一阶段，将确定可能发生大量无意再循环的地点，并将在地表沃茨的条件下对一套保守和活性示踪剂进行评价。水文分析将包括估计在平均和低流量条件下饮用水取水口的废水流出量，以及取水前水在河流中停留的时间。在初步分析的基础上，将选择三个地点在项目第二阶段作进一步分析。在每个站点，将使用特定站点的数据，包括河流形态、降水和污染物衰减率，对水文模型进行改进。从该模型的预测将进行比较的保守和反应示踪剂的测量在整个流域的贡献领域的位置。模型预测和测量之间的离散性将被用来完善模型，并获得更好的估计污染物衰减率。更广泛的影响除了提供新的洞察所带来的风险无意回收ofwastewater流出物，该项目将有广泛的影响科学和工程提供新的研究机会，为学生从代表性不足的群体。在研究的第一阶段，来自表现不佳的当地学校的高中生将协助收集所需的数据，以确定无意回收很重要的地点。在该项目的第二阶段，来自代表性不足群体的本科生将协助实地工作和数据分析。