BE/CNH: An Integrated Investigation of Coupled Human and Sea-Ice Systems: A Comparison of Changing Environments and Their Uses in the North American Arctic

在北美的北极地区，因纽特人和因纽特人的猎人一年中的大部分时间都依靠海冰来旅行和狩猎。他们对冰的利用需要对冰况有详细的了解，以确保安全和成功地狩猎，这是他们的主要生计。然而，北极的海冰环境正在发生变化。从科学和土著知识的角度对海冰特征进行的研究发现，北极冰盖的范围和厚度发生了重大变化，猎人使用的滨冰的厚度、稳定性和形成日期等某些特征也发生了局部和区域的变化。因此，因纽特人和因纽特人社区正在改变其日常和长期生计战略，并正在处理有时不再适用的传统知识和技能。与此同时，科学家们正在努力了解影响海冰变化的各种力量之间的相互作用，以及多种尺度上的变化。这两个小组如何在这个共同关心的主题上相互告知并从合作中受益？该项目将调查因纽特人和因纽特人猎人和滨船或漂流海冰在环境变化背景下的耦合系统的动力学。一个多学科调查小组将与阿拉斯加巴罗社区和努纳武特的克莱德河社区合作开展这项调查。该项目的主要目标是(1)记录因纽特人和因纽特人对海冰的了解和利用，以及那些限制或促成这种利用的因素；(2)记录因纽特人和因纽特人对海冰变化的观察和观点，并将其与科学观察相关联；(3)研究巴芬湾和楚科奇海地区海冰变化的异同以及社区与海冰变化的相互作用。(4)记录因纽特人和因纽特人如何应对各自地区的海冰变化，以及一个地区的不同方法如何在适应战略方面为另一个地区提供信息。这个项目预期的智力贡献包括阐明综合科学知识和土著知识的框架，特别是综合关于冰情的传统观点和科学观点，以及将大规模趋势与当地海冰变化进行比较。本项目预期的更广泛影响包括对北极土著社区、科学家和研究生进行环境变化及其后果的实际和理论研究方面的培训和教育。预计该项目还将为北极理事会的北极气候影响评估（ACIA）计划和政府间气候变化专门委员会第三工作组2005年的气候影响评估报告提供重要信息。该项目获得了2003年度环境生物复杂性特别竞赛奖项的支持，该竞赛侧重于自然和人类系统耦合动力学。

Inuit and Inupiat hunters in the North American Arctic rely on sea ice for travel and hunting for much of the year. Their use of the ice requires detailed knowledge of ice conditions for both safety and success in hunting, their main livelihood. The sea-ice environment in the Arctic is changing, however. Studies of sea-ice characteristics from scientific and indigenous knowledge perspectives have found major changes in the extent and thickness of the Arctic ice pack as well as local and regional changes in certain characteristics like the thickness, stability, and dates of formation of the shorefast ice used by hunters. As a result, Inuit and Inupiat communities are making changes to their day-to-day and long-term livelihood strategies and are dealing with traditional knowledge and skills that are, at times, no longer applicable. At the same time, scientists struggle to understand the interactions of the forces influencing sea-ice changes and variations of change at multiple scales. How can these two groups inform each other and benefit from collaboration on this topic of mutual concern? This project will investigate the dynamics of the coupled systems of Inuit and Inupiat hunters and shorefast or drifting sea ice in the context of environmental change. A multidisciplinary team of investigators will collaborate with the communities of Barrow, Alaska, and Clyde River, Nunavut, to carry out this investigation. The main objectives of the project are (1) to document Inuit and Inupiat knowledge and use of sea ice along with those factors that limit or enable this use, (2) to document Inuit and Inupiat observations and perspectives on sea-ice changes and correlate these with scientific observations, (3) to examine the differences and similarities in sea-ice changes and community interactions with them in the Baffin Bay and Chukchi Sea locales, and (4) to document how Inuit and Inupiat cope with changes in sea ice in their respective regions as well as how different approaches in one region may inform the other regarding adaptation strategies.Anticipated intellectual contributions of this project include illumination of frameworks for integrating scientific and indigenous knowledge, particularly the integration of traditional and scientific views of ice conditions and the comparison of large-scale trends with local changes in sea ice. Anticipated broader impacts of this project include training and education of indigenous Arctic communities, scientists and graduate students in practical and theoretical studies of environmental changes and their consequences. The project also is expected to contribute important information to the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA) program of the Arctic Council and to the 2005 report on Climate Impact Assessments of Working Group 3 of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. This project is supported by an award resulting from the FY 2003 special competition in Biocomplexity in the Environment focusing on the Dynamics of Coupled Natural and Human Systems.