Collaborative Research: Archaeological and Paleoenvironmental Investigation of the Initial Appearance of Domesticated Livestock in the Lake Ngami Region of Botswana and the LSA
合作研究:博茨瓦纳恩加米湖地区和 LSA 驯养牲畜最初出现的考古和古环境调查
基本信息
- 批准号:0313826
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 5.63万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Continuing Grant
- 财政年份:2003
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2003-07-01 至 2007-08-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
With funding from the National Science Foundation, Drs. Lawrence H. Robbins and George A. Brook, together with colleagues and students will investigate the initial spread of domesticated livestock into southern Africa. This project will be the first collaborative interdisciplinary approach to the above problem carried out in an area of northern Botswana that is believed to have served as a gateway for the spread of livestock. The project will combine archaeological and paleoclimatic research and will further international cooperation and training because fieldwork will be carried out with personnel from the National Museum of Botswana. In southern Africa, domesticated cattle, sheep and goats are of major importance in the food economies, social contexts and environmental adaptations of many people, both past and present. However, certain basic questions regarding the origins of livestock in the region remain unanswered such as where and when did they first enter southern Africa? In addition, there is considerable interest in whether variations in climate influenced their arrival and dissemination. A cooler climate would have reduced the extent of the Tsetse fly infested area just to the north of the research area and made it easier for livestock to be introduced. Cattle cannot survive in this area today. However, the role of climate change in the dissemination of livestock has not yet been documented in the southern African region. This research will investigate the above questions by conducting archaeological excavations at sites near Lake Ngami in the Kalahari Desert. Historical linguistic studies have revealed that the Lake Ngami area served as an important point of entry, or gateway for the initial spread of livestock into southern Africa. Archaeological research will verify whether the linguistic theory is correct. Preliminary archaeological work has demonstrated that the sites selected for further excavation span the critical period from when people subsisted entirely by hunting, fishing and foraging for wild foods through the period when the first livestock appeared. The research will document this transition in several innovative ways. The bones of domesticated livestock will be dated by the AMS (accelerator mass spectrometry) method of radiocarbon dating to develop a precise chronology for their first appearance. In addition, an important type of pottery, known as Bambata Ware, that is believed to be a marker of the earliest livestock herders in southern Africa will also be dated by this technique for the first time. Some dated pottery will be subjected to casein analysis in order to reveal whether the early stock herders practiced milking. The role of climate will be investigated in several ways. The changing characteristics of sediments exposed by our excavations, along with studies of variations in the level and extent of Lake Ngami will provide information on climate changes near the archaeological sites over the last several thousand years. A chronology for these changes will be obtained using optically stimulated luminescence dating (OSL) which can date sands and other clastic sediments. This record will be compared and augmented with high-resolution climate data for the same time period from stalagmites recovered from Drotsky's Cave located to the west of Lake Ngami. Resulting rainfall and temperature records will be used to assess the role of climate in the introduction of livestock to southern Africa.
在国家科学基金会的资助下,劳伦斯·H·罗宾斯博士和乔治·A·布鲁克博士将与同事和学生一起调查驯养牲畜最初传播到南部非洲的情况。该项目将是在博茨瓦纳北部地区针对上述问题采取的第一个跨学科协作办法,据信该地区是牲畜传播的门户。该项目将结合考古和古气候研究,并将进一步加强国际合作和培训,因为将与博茨瓦纳国家博物馆的人员一起进行实地工作。在南部非洲,驯养的牛、绵羊和山羊在过去和现在的许多人的食物经济、社会背景和环境适应方面具有重要意义。然而,关于该区域牲畜来源的某些基本问题仍然没有得到回答,例如它们第一次进入南部非洲的地点和时间?此外,气候变化是否影响了它们的到达和传播,也引起了相当大的兴趣。较凉爽的气候将缩小研究区域北部采采蝇出没区域的范围,并使牲畜更容易被引入。今天,牛不能在这个地区生存。然而,南部非洲地区尚未记录气候变化在牲畜传播中的作用。这项研究将通过在喀拉哈里沙漠纳加米湖附近的遗址进行考古发掘来调查上述问题。历史语言学研究表明,纳加米湖地区是牲畜最初传播到南部非洲的重要入口点或门户。考古研究将验证语言学理论是否正确。初步考古工作表明,选定进行进一步挖掘的遗址跨越了从人们完全靠狩猎、捕鱼和寻找野生食物为生到第一批牲畜出现的关键时期。这项研究将以几种创新的方式记录这种转变。驯养家畜的骨骼将通过放射性碳测年的AMS(加速器质谱仪)方法进行测年,以开发它们第一次出现的精确年代学。此外,一种被称为班巴塔陶器的重要陶器也将首次用这种技术测定年代,这种陶器被认为是南部非洲最早的畜牧民的标志。一些陈年陶器将进行酪蛋白分析,以揭示早期牧民是否进行过挤奶。气候的作用将通过几种方式进行调查。通过我们的发掘发现的沉积物特征的变化,以及对纳伽米湖水位和范围变化的研究,将提供过去数千年考古遗址附近气候变化的信息。这些变化的年表将使用光学激发发光测年(OSL)获得,它可以测定沙子和其他碎屑沉积物的年龄。这一记录将与同一时期从位于纳伽米湖以西的德洛茨基洞穴中发现的石笋中获得的高分辨率气候数据进行比较和增强。由此产生的降雨和温度记录将被用来评估气候在将牲畜引入南部非洲方面的作用。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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George Brook其他文献
George Brook的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('George Brook', 18)}}的其他基金
Doctoral Dissertation Research: High-Resolution, Late Quaternary Climate and Vegetation Record for the American Midwest: Isotope and Pollen Evidence from Stalagmites and Flowstone
博士论文研究:美国中西部高分辨率、晚第四纪气候和植被记录:来自石笋和流石的同位素和花粉证据
- 批准号:
1433904 - 财政年份:2014
- 资助金额:
$ 5.63万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
A Multi-Proxy Approach to Understanding Late Pleistocene Climate Change in Namibia, Botswana, and Northwestern South Africa
了解纳米比亚、博茨瓦纳和南非西北部更新世晚期气候变化的多代理方法
- 批准号:
0725090 - 财政年份:2007
- 资助金额:
$ 5.63万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Research: Monsoonal Climate of China and the Southeastern U.S.A. During the Late Pleistocene and Holocene
博士论文研究:晚更新世和全新世中国和美国东南部的季风气候
- 批准号:
0623407 - 财政年份:2006
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$ 5.63万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Research: High-Resolution Climate and Land-Use Records from Cave Stalagmites and County Gazetters for China Over the Last 2,000 Years
博士论文研究:中国近2000年洞穴石笋和县志的高分辨率气候和土地利用记录
- 批准号:
0002433 - 财政年份:2000
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Environmental Change in Namibia During the Last 130,000 Years From Cave Speleothems, Tufas and Fluvial Sediments
过去 13 万年纳米比亚的环境变化源自洞穴洞穴、凝灰岩和河流沉积物
- 批准号:
0002193 - 财政年份:2000
- 资助金额:
$ 5.63万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Research: Hydrologic and Geochemical Response of Conduit- and Diffuse-Flow Karst Systems to Variable Seasonal Climate and Individual Storm Characteristics
博士论文研究:导管流和漫流岩溶系统对多变季节气候和个别风暴特征的水文和地球化学响应
- 批准号:
9907221 - 财政年份:1999
- 资助金额:
$ 5.63万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
High Resolution ENSO and Other Paleoenvironmental Data for the last 20 ka from Cave Speleothems in Madagascar and Botswana
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- 批准号:
9908415 - 财政年份:1999
- 资助金额:
$ 5.63万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Dissertation Research: Human-Environmental Relationships in Coastal Plain Georgia Based in High-Resolution Paleoenvironmental Records from Three Peat Deposits
论文研究:基于三个泥炭矿床的高分辨率古环境记录的乔治亚州沿海平原的人类与环境关系
- 批准号:
9811178 - 财政年份:1998
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$ 5.63万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Research: Late Quaternary Climate Variation Within the Maya Lowlands, Belize, Central America as Evidenced by Variations in Speleothem Deposition
博士论文研究:中美洲伯利兹玛雅低地晚第四纪气候变化以洞穴沉积物变化为证据
- 批准号:
9628765 - 财政年份:1996
- 资助金额:
$ 5.63万 - 项目类别:
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Collaborative Research: Archaeological Investigation and Paleoenvironmental Context of Mining at the Tsodilo Hills, Western Kalahari Desert
合作研究:西卡拉哈里沙漠措迪洛山的考古调查和采矿古环境背景
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9520982 - 财政年份:1995
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