RAPID: Collaborative Research: Assessing Archaeological Storm Damage from Hurricane Ian

加速的环境变化和随之而来的极端天气事件，如飓风，威胁着考古遗址，特别是在拥有一些最脆弱的文化遗产形式的沿海地区。因此，沿海考古遗址为以下方面提供了示范地点：(1)快速研究风暴对考古遗址稳定性、保存和复原力规划的影响，以及(2)了解遗址管理人员如何在灾害应对与风暴后公众教育和宣传之间取得平衡。为了应对2022年9月伊恩飓风在佛罗里达州西南部的登陆，这项快速反应研究(RAPID)加强了对飓风如何影响可公开访问的沿海和岛屿文化遗产地、公园和教育中心的管理和保护的理解。调查人员正在直接与当地现场管理人员和利益攸关方合作，以确定损坏的程度；记录损坏的直接原因，包括风、风暴潮和侵蚀；并评估修复工作可能造成的进一步破坏。该项目还生成遗址脆弱性模型，为遗址稳定工作、复原力管理计划以及关于飓风对考古文化遗产地和当地社区的影响的公共教育和外联内容提供信息。研究人员正在佛罗里达州西南部松岛湾和埃斯特罗湾地区四个保存完好、可供公众进入的沿海和岛屿加卢萨考古文化遗址，对飓风伊恩造成的风暴破坏进行调查。到16世纪，这个地区是加卢萨人的所在地--加卢萨人是北美最大、最复杂的非农业社会之一。该项目区是加卢萨考古研究、学生考古培训以及公共土著文化遗产教育和保护的中心。调查人员与当地遗址管理人员、文化遗产社区利益相关者和研究生合作，使用书面描述、视频和数字成像记录遗址的初始破坏，对可能受到遗址修复工作进一步干扰的受损考古背景进行微创地下采样，并产生遗址破坏和脆弱性建模，为风暴后遗址稳定和保护的管理决策提供信息。在整个快速项目中，调查人员和当地遗址管理人员将共同努力，在气候变化影响和极端天气事件的背景下，创建关于飓风破坏和考古文化遗产遗址保护的教育内容，包括公开访问的迷你纪录片风格的教育视频。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Accelerating environmental change and attendant extreme weather events such as hurricanes threaten archaeological sites, especially in coastal regions which contain some of the most vulnerable forms of cultural heritage. As such, coastal archaeological sites provide exemplary locations for (1) the rapid study of storm impacts to archaeological site stability, preservation, and resilience planning, and (2) understanding how site managers balance disaster response with post-storm public education and outreach. In response to Hurricane Ian’s landfall in southwest Florida in September 2022, this Rapid Response Research (RAPID) enhances the understanding of how hurricanes impact the management and preservation of publicly accessible coastal and island cultural heritage sites, parks, and education centers. The investigators are working directly with local site managers and stakeholders to characterize the extent of damage; document proximate causes of damage including wind, storm surge, and erosion; and assess possible further damage from restoration efforts. The project also generates site vulnerability models to inform site stabilization efforts, resilience management plans, and public education and outreach content about hurricane impacts to archaeological cultural heritage sites and local communities. The researchers are conducting a survey of storm damage inflicted by Hurricane Ian at four well-preserved and publicly accessible coastal and island Calusa archaeological cultural heritage sites in the Pine Island Sound and Estero Bay region of southwest Florida. By the sixteenth century, this region was home to the Calusa — one of the largest, most politically complex, non-agrarian societies in North America. The project area is the epicenter of Calusa archaeological research, student archaeological training, and public Indigenous cultural heritage education and preservation. Working with local site managers, cultural heritage community stakeholders, and graduate students, the investigators are documenting initial site damage using written descriptions, video, and digital imaging, conduct minimally invasive subsurface sampling of damaged archaeological contexts likely to be further disturbed by site restoration efforts, and produce site damage and vulnerability modeling to inform managerial decision making in post-storm site stabilization and preservation. Throughout this RAPID project, the investigators and local site managers will work together to create educational content about hurricane damage and archaeological cultural heritage site preservation within the context of climate change impacts and extreme weather events, including publicly accessible, mini-documentary style educational videos.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.