Collective and Nonlinear Physics of Mesoscopic Oscillators

介观振荡器的集体和非线性物理

• 批准号: 0314069
• 负责人: Michael Cross
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: California Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-07-15 至 2007-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0314069&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collective; Nonlinear; Physics; Mesoscopic; Oscillators

Mechanical oscillations at the sub-micron scale - either fabricated lithographically or built up from the atomic scale as in carbon nanotubes - combine the physics of nonlinearity, noise and dispersion, collective behavior, and ultimately quantum effects, in systems that are both readily investigated experimentally and likely to be important in technology. This project is to study theoretically the nonlinear, nonequilibrium, stochastic, and pattern forming aspects of such oscillators, with strong motivation from the concurrent experimental program at Caltech.Modern lithographic techniques allow the construction of free-standing mechanical oscillators, made from silicon, silicon nitride, gold and other materials, at ever decreasing sizes, and with a wide variety of geometries, from simple beams and cantilevers, to complex multi-oscillator structures that provide isolation from supports. In addition, the fabrication of mechanical oscillators made from single- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes is rapidly developing. These experimental advances open up interesting new avenues of basic physics, which have direct application to possible technological applications of such devices in detectors, communication and other areas.On the one hand the fabrication technologies open up new experimental possibilities, for example the ease of constructing large arrays of oscillators, and the approach to size scales where quantum effects become important. On the other hand, there are new challenges that arise, such as the inevitable dispersion of the oscillator frequencies due to imperfections of the fabrication, the growing importance of stochastic effects from the thermal noise as sizes decrease, and the nonlinearity of the oscillators that will develop at the larger amplitudes of motion that will enhance the signal to noise ratio of detection schemes. These must be understood for the successful development of applications. Thus there is a strong need for a theoretical investigation of such small scale oscillators, combining the issues of nonlinearity, noise and dispersion, collective behavior (pattern formation), and quantum effects. Each of these areas has a large body of theoretical work, of greater or lesser applicability to experiment. The progress in the range of devices that can be fabricated provides strong experimental stimulus for testing, refining and combining these theoretical ideas in a new physical domain. The possibilities of precise measurements of the behavior of large numbers of dynamical components, through on-chip diagnostics and processing, makes mesoscopic oscillators an exciting testbed for these theoretical ideas. In turn the theory may suggest completely new protocols for technological applications, as well as provide new insights on the design of more conventional protocols.Besides being carried out in close coordination with an experimental program at Caltech, the research will involve both graduate students and undergraduate students.%%% Mechanical oscillations at the sub-micron scale - either fabricated lithographically or built up from the atomic scale as in carbon nanotubes - combine the physics of nonlinearity, noise and dispersion, collective behavior, and ultimately quantum effects, in systems that are both readily investigated experimentally and likely to be important in technology. This project is to study theoretically the nonlinear, nonequilibrium, stochastic, and pattern forming aspects of such oscillators, with strong motivation from the concurrent experimental program at Caltech.Besides being carried out in close coordination with an experimental program at Caltech, the research will involve both graduate students and undergraduate students.***

在亚微米尺度上的机械振荡 - 在印度尺度上制造的石刻或像碳纳米管中的原子量表中建立 - 在实验中易于研究且可能在技术中很重要的系统中结合了非线性，噪声和分散性，集体行为以及最终量子效应的物理学。 This project is to study theoretically the nonlinear, nonequilibrium, stochastic, and pattern forming aspects of such oscillators, with strong motivation from the concurrent experimental program at Caltech.Modern lithographic techniques allow the construction of free-standing mechanical oscillators, made from silicon, silicon nitride, gold and other materials, at ever decreasing sizes, and with a wide variety of geometries, from simple横梁和悬臂，到复杂的多振荡器结构，可从支撑物中隔离。 此外，由单壁和多壁碳纳米管制成的机械振荡器正在迅速发展。 这些实验进步开辟了有趣的基本物理学新途径，这些途径直接应用于此类设备在探测器，通信和其他领域的可能应用。一方面，制造技术开辟了新的实验性可能性，例如，构建大量振荡器的易于构建，以及构造大小的尺寸尺寸量表很重要。 另一方面，出现了新的挑战，例如由于制造不完美而导致的振荡器频率的不可避免的分散，随着尺寸降低而从热噪声降低的随着随机效应的重要性，以及振荡器的非线性性，这些振荡器的非线性将在较大的运动机化上增强信号噪声的较大动作机化，以增强信号噪声噪声的差异噪声。 必须理解这些应用程序的成功开发。 因此，非常需要对如此小规模振荡器进行理论研究，结合了非线性，噪声和分散，集体行为（模式形成）和量子效应的问题。 这些领域中的每一个都有大量的理论工作，或者对实验的适用性越来越大。 可以制造的设备范围的进展为测试，完善和结合这些理论思想在新的物理领域中提供了强大的实验刺激。 通过芯片诊断和处理，精确测量大量动态组件行为的可能性使介观振荡器成为这些理论思想的激动人心的测试。 In turn the theory may suggest completely new protocols for technological applications, as well as provide new insights on the design of more conventional protocols.Besides being carried out in close coordination with an experimental program at Caltech, the research will involve both graduate students and undergraduate students.%%% Mechanical oscillations at the sub-micron scale - either fabricated lithographically or built up from the atomic scale as in carbon nanotubes - combine the非线性，噪声和分散性，集体行为以及最终量子效应的物理学在实验上很容易研究的系统中，并且在技术中可能很重要。 该项目是从理论上研究此类振荡器的非线性，非平衡，随机和模式形成方面的方面，并从Caltech的并发实验计划中进行了强烈的动机。Besides与Caltech的实验计划密切协调，该研究将涉及研究生和学生不足的学生。