Dynamical Systems in Parasite-Host and Structured Population Models

寄生虫宿主和结构化群体模型中的动力系统

• 批准号: 0314529
• 负责人: Horst Thieme
• 金额: $ 23.81万
• 依托单位: Arizona State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-07-15 至 2007-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0314529&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dynamical; Systems; Parasite; Host; Structured

Thieme The investigator undertakes mathematical studies ofquestions arising in ecology and population biology, focusing onhost-parasite systems and structured populations. With theirrapid turnover, parasitic populations are ideal objects to studythe principles of evolution; in turn, it is important tounderstand these principles to control infectious diseaseseffectively. Mathematical models and their analysis are verymuch needed for a deeper understanding and as a theoreticallaboratory to devise control and management strategies. In fact,many of the arguments on the adaptive dynamics of virulence havebecome so complex that they can be more easily formulatedmathematically than verbally. While the health aspects ofparasite-host interactions are of immediate concern, their impacton biological diversity may be as important. The mediation ofspecies coexistence through chaotic dynamics has gained a lot ofattention recently, but coexistence at equilibrium mediated byparasites and by population structure may be far more prominent.In the context of competition, coexistence, and evolution inhost-parasite systems, the investigator studies: Coexistence and evolution of endophytic fungi, Parasite mediated coexistence and competition, and Prey-predator-parasite interactions.Using structured population models, he studies: The evolution of parasite virulence in structured host populations, Apparent Allee effects in structured predator-prey systems, and The evolution of polymorphism in amphibians. Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases and the dangerof bioterrorism have led to a renewed interest in host-parasitesystems. The fact that infectious diseases afflict not onlyhumans and their food sources (domestic animals and agronomicplants), but also natural animal and plant populations, hasdirected attention to the important and fascinating role ofparasites in ecosystems and in the maintenance of biologicaldiversity. Studying mathematical host-parasite models enhancesour insight in evolution in general and in evolution of hosts andparasites in particular (evolution of virulence, co-evolution ofhosts and parasites). These models help to design diseasecontrol strategies that avoid parasite resistance and decreaseparasite virulence (virulence management). They also lead toenvironmental management strategies that are compatible withspecies preservation. They can be used as educational tools ingraduate and undergraduate instruction and for effectivecommunication with the scientific community, public healthofficers, and an educated public audience.

蒂姆 研究员对生态学和种群生物学中出现的问题进行数学研究，重点关注宿主-寄生虫系统和结构化种群。 由于寄生种群的快速更新，它们是研究进化原理的理想对象。反过来，了解这些原则对于有效控制传染病也很重要。 数学模型及其分析对于更深入的理解和作为设计控制和管理策略的理论实验室是非常需要的。 事实上，许多关于毒力适应性动力学的争论已经变得如此复杂，以至于用数学比用语言更容易表述它们。 虽然寄生虫与宿主相互作用的健康方面值得立即关注，但它们对生物多样性的影响可能同样重要。 通过混沌动力学调节物种共存最近受到了很多关注，但由寄生虫和种群结构介导的平衡共存可能更为突出。在宿主-寄生虫系统的竞争、共存和进化的背景下，研究者研究：内生真菌的共存和进化，寄生虫介导的共存和竞争，以及 猎物-捕食者-寄生虫相互作用。他使用结构化种群模型，研究：结构化宿主种群中寄生虫毒力的进化、结构化捕食者-猎物系统中的表观阿利效应以及两栖动物多态性的进化。 新出现和重新出现的传染病以及生物恐怖主义的危险引起了人们对宿主寄生虫系统的新兴趣。 传染病不仅影响人类及其食物来源（家养动物和农作物），而且还影响自然动植物种群，这一事实引起了人们对寄生虫在生态系统和维持生物多样性中重要而迷人的作用的关注。 研究宿主-寄生虫数学模型增强了我们对一般进化以及宿主和寄生虫特别进化（毒力进化、宿主和寄生虫共同进化）的洞察力。 这些模型有助于设计疾病控制策略，避免寄生虫耐药性并降低寄生虫毒力（毒力管理）。 它们还导致了与物种保护相兼容的环境管理策略。 它们可以用作研究生和本科生教学的教育工具，以及与科学界、公共卫生官员和受过教育的公众受众的有效沟通。