Understanding the Role of Rain-On-Snow Events in High Latitude Climates: Soil Temperature and Ecosystem Impacts

了解高纬度气候中雨雪事件的作用：土壤温度和生态系统影响

• 批准号: 0314710
• 负责人: Jaakko Putkonen
• 金额: $ 24.95万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-09-01 至 2006-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0314710&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Understanding; Role; Rain; Snow; Events

This project will explore the influences of wintertime rainfall-over-snow events on the snow cover itself and on soil properties that affect climate. Such rain-on-snow events create ice layers in the snow which impact land surface conditions and land surface-atmosphere interactions in the Arctic region. The research will be conducted using data from an array of meteorological stations combined with atmospheric model reanalysis, and is expected to advance our understanding of the climate systems in regions representing the typical hydrology and ecology of high northern latitudes. The model used for this project is a coupled atmosphere-land surface, single-column model derived from the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Climate System Model (CCSM) and modified to capture the relevant physics. The output from global climate model scenarios are to be used to determine changes in the frequency of rain-on-snow events and other relevant meteorological conditions that impact the future of land-surface systems on climate and on ungulate (hoofed animal) populations.The results of this work are expected to improve modeling capabilities in Arctic land surface processes. The P.I.s will produce a report which they will distributed to the climate modeling community and specifically share with the land-surface working group of the NCAR CCSM. The work is also expected to benefit the Arctic native people since it includes the impact of rain-on-snow events on arctic ungulate herds.

该项目将探索冬季降雪量对积雪本身和影响气候的土壤特性的影响。这样的雨雪事件会在雪中形成冰层，从而影响北极地区的陆地表面状况和陆地表面与大气的相互作用。这项研究将利用来自一系列气象站的数据，并结合大气模式再分析，预计将促进我们对代表北纬高纬度典型水文和生态地区气候系统的理解。本项目使用的模式是一个大气-陆地表面耦合的单柱模式，该模式源自美国国家大气研究中心（NCAR）社区气候系统模式（CCSM），并进行了修改以捕捉相关物理。全球气候模式情景的输出将用于确定雨雪事件频率的变化和其他相关气象条件，这些气象条件会影响陆地表面系统对气候和有蹄类动物种群的未来。这项工作的结果有望提高北极陆地表面过程的模拟能力。P.I.s将制作一份报告，分发给气候模拟界，并特别与NCAR CCSM的陆地表面工作组分享。这项工作也有望使北极土著人受益，因为它包括雨雪事件对北极有蹄类动物群的影响。