Equipment Support: Mechanisms of Postseismic Deformation following the 2002 Denali Fault Earthquake

设备保障：2002年德纳利断层地震震后变形机制

• 批准号: 0323156
• 负责人: Jeffrey Freymueller
• 金额: $ 49.83万
• 依托单位: University of Alaska Fairbanks Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-09-01 至 2007-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0323156&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Equipment; Support; Mechanisms; Postseismic; Deformation

0323156FreymuellerDespite the now accepted importance of post-seismic deformation processes during the earthquake cycle, much debate persists about what mechanisms are responsible for the transient deformation, where the deformation occurs, and what the relevant constitutive parameters of the candidate processes are. The occurrence of the Mw 7.9 November 3, 2002 Denali Alaska earthquake has created the opportunity to collect the surface deformation measurements needed to make significant improvements in our knowledge of the dominant deformation mechanisms in the Earth's lithosphere and the rheological parameters of the fault zone and surrounding crust and upper mantle. The large moment of the Denali earthquake, the precise pre-earthquake deformation field, and the immediate field response make this the most promising target to address post-seismic deformation problems since modern space-geodetic methods became available. This grant supports the upgrade, expansion, and continued operation and maintenance of an existing post-seismic GPS network proximal to the epicenter of the Mw 7.9 November 3, 2002 Denali Alaska Earthquake over a three-year period. Within two weeks of the mainshock, UNAVCO engineers, with NSF support, installed 10 continuous GPS (CGPS) sites near the fault. These sites form the core of a planned 16-station network. The first 10 sites were installed quickly and without power generation or telemetry, in order to get the sites in before extreme winter conditions made work impossible. This funding will allow for upgrade of these existing sites with robust enclosures and solar plus wind power. An additional 6 new CGPS sites will also be established as part of the post-seismic GPS response network. A related Geophysics grant will support geodynamic modeling of the data (EAR-0310410) and all GPS data will be available to the broader scientific community through the UNAVCO GPS data archive.***

尽管现在公认地震周期中震后变形过程的重要性，但关于瞬时变形的机制、变形发生的位置以及候选过程的相关本构参数等问题仍存在许多争论。2002年11月3日发生的里氏7.9级阿拉斯加德纳里大地震为收集地表变形测量数据提供了机会，这些数据对我们对地球岩石圈主要变形机制的认识以及断层带及其周围地壳和上地幔的流变参数有了重大的改进。德纳里地震的大力矩、精确的震前变形场和即时的场响应使其成为现代空间大地测量方法问世以来最有希望解决震后变形问题的目标。这笔拨款将在三年的时间里支持2002年11月3日阿拉斯加德纳里7.9级地震震中附近现有的地震后GPS网络的升级、扩展、持续运行和维护。在主震发生后的两周内，联合国维和部队的工程师在国家科学基金会的支持下，在断层附近安装了10个连续GPS （CGPS）站点。这些站点构成了计划中的16个站点网络的核心。前10个站点的安装速度很快，没有发电或遥测技术，以便在极端的冬季条件使工作无法进行之前将站点安装到位。这笔资金将允许升级这些现有的站点与强大的外壳和太阳能和风能。另外还将建立6个新的全球定位系统站点，作为地震后全球定位系统响应网络的一部分。一项相关的地球物理学拨款将支持数据的地球动力学建模（EAR-0310410），所有GPS数据将通过联合国维和部队GPS数据档案提供给更广泛的科学界