Collaborative Research+RUI: The Effects of Water Movement and Zooplankton Escape Behavior on Planktivory by Coral Reef Fishes in Different Microhabitats

合作研究RUI：不同微生境中水运动和浮游动物逃逸行为对珊瑚礁鱼类浮游生物的影响

• 批准号: 0324413
• 负责人: Edward Buskey
• 金额: $ 13万
• 依托单位: University of Texas at Austin
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-10-01 至 2007-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0324413&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research+RUI; Effects; Water; Movement

This study will investigate the effects of water movement on the capture of zooplankton by small fish that live embedded in coral skeletons and are subject to boundary layer effects. The particular focus is on how water movement differs in the microhabitats occupied by two species of blenny (family Chaenopsidae) and the extent to which it affects microhabitat choice by those species. The problem will be approached from two perspectives: (1) the role of water movement in delivering prey to the fish and (2) the role of water movement in determining prey vulnerability to attacks by fish. Water movement will be measured at different scales on reefs where the fish live and, in the laboratory, prey capture will be studied under the patterns and rates of water movement observed in the field.The two fish species have already been shown to live in different microhabitats in the same reef zones, have different metabolic rates, attack prey at different speeds, and have different diets. Their prey capture success varies with degree of water movement and the influence of water movement is different in direction and magnitude for different prey types. Most strikingly, certain calanoid copepods that have exceptionally fast response times to predator signals become more vulnerable with increasing water turbulence. This is believed to be the key to feeding success in blennies and determines where they are located on the reef.Water movement will be measured on a coral reef to determine general conditions in the zones where the blennies are found and to characterize water movement within the feeding volumes of each species. Vertical profiles will also be determined for water movement above the reef surface to correlate with the different vertical distributions of the two fishes. A flow tank will be built with the capacity to generate oscillating water movement of the magnitudes and periodicities observed where the blennies live. Blennies will be fed a range of prey under varying water movement regimes and their feeding volumes and capture success will be measured with the aid of standard speed videography. With high?speed videography, patterns of feeding strikes and escape responses of prey will be determined. In addition, high?speed videography, in conjunction with standard small?scale hydrodynamic disturbances, will be used to test the escape responses of calanoid copepods in the presence of increasing levels of turbulence.Because of the unique melding of field and laboratory work and the precise recording of predator and prey responses under various hydrodynamic conditions, this study will be a significant contribution to our understanding of how copepods avoid their predators, how fish capture their prey, and how this affects habitat choice by fish. This information will give us insight into some unforeseen consequences of coral reef degradation. This project also has important educational impacts. Four to six undergraduate students will experience hands?on laboratory and field research and a small humanities and arts?oriented liberal arts college will collaborate with two research institutes in a way that will enhance the visibility of the sciences at the college. This is expected to add to the ongoing effort to increase the role of science in the educational offerings of the college.

这项研究将调查水的运动对小型鱼类捕获浮游动物的影响，这些鱼类生活在珊瑚骨骼中，并受到边界层的影响。特别关注的是水的运动是如何不同的微生境所占据的两个物种的鱼（家庭Chaenopsidae）和在何种程度上影响微生境的选择，这些物种。这个问题将从两个角度来处理：（1）水的运动在提供猎物的鱼和（2）水的运动在确定猎物的脆弱性攻击的鱼的作用。水的运动将在不同的尺度上测量鱼生活的珊瑚礁，并在实验室中，猎物捕获将在现场观察到的水运动的模式和速度进行研究。这两种鱼已经被证明生活在不同的微生境在同一个珊瑚礁区，有不同的代谢率，攻击猎物的速度不同，并有不同的饮食。它们的捕食成功率随水体运动程度的不同而不同，水体运动对不同类型猎物的影响在方向和大小上也不同。最引人注目的是，某些哲水蚤桡足类对捕食者信号的反应速度非常快，随着水流湍流的增加，它们变得更加脆弱。这被认为是关键的喂养成功，并确定他们在珊瑚礁上的位置。水的运动将在珊瑚礁上测量，以确定一般情况下，在该地区发现的鱼和特点的水运动内的喂养体积的每一个物种。垂直剖面也将被确定为水的运动以上的珊瑚礁表面与两种鱼的不同垂直分布。将建造一个流动池，其能力是产生在扁鱼生活的地方观察到的幅度和周期性的振荡水运动。Blennies将在不同的水运动制度下喂养一系列猎物，它们的摄食量和捕获成功率将在标准速度摄像的帮助下进行测量。高？速度录像，模式的喂养罢工和逃避反应的猎物将被确定。此外，高？高速摄像，结合标准的小？由于野外和实验室工作的独特融合以及在不同水动力条件下捕食者和猎物反应的精确记录，本研究将对我们理解桡足类如何躲避捕食者，鱼类如何捕获猎物，以及这如何影响鱼类的栖息地选择。这些信息将使我们深入了解珊瑚礁退化的一些不可预见的后果。该项目也具有重要的教育影响。四到六年级的本科生会不会有动手的经验？在实验室和实地研究和一个小的人文和艺术？以博雅教育为主导的博雅学院将与两个研究机构合作，以提高学院科学的知名度。预计这将增加正在进行的努力，以增加科学在学院的教育产品的作用。