SENSORS: Robust Event Services for Emergency Response in Sensor Networks

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Stankovic - abstractWireless sensor networks, composed of 1000s of inexpensive devices, have thepotential to significantly improve emergency response systems forearthquakes, floods and other natural disasters, as well as forchemical and biological attacks. While each node must be very cheap and,therefore, is likely to have limited capacity, the aggregate behavior of the nodes should collectively determine the situation,detect possible survivors, send necessary information to the nearest rescue teams, identify a safe exit path for them, and monitor any subsequent events of interests in the area. Since such emergencies may last a long time and are highly dynamic; the system needs to adapt to the changing environment, be robust, utilize the limited resources efficiently, and meet any timing requirements. This research is developing robust and real-time middleware servicesfor events and message delivery. In wireless sensornetworks events are not binary, but are based on sensor fusionfrom many noisy sensors in complicated environments. Sensor datamay be missing, wrong, or out of date. Consequently, the event servicemust support real-time, data fusion, confidence calculations, andconserve power. Events can occur in a very local region, be global or occursimultaneously in many parts of the system. The event service must behighly decentralized in order to work on the limited capacitydevices. The service must also minimize false alarms. All of these features makes an event service for wirelesssensor networks very challenging. The ultimate vision ofthis work is to provide a facility that allows the application to specify the desirable data and events, and deliver them in a timely manner. If this research is successful, emergency response can occurmore quickly, and be more accurate; lives can be saved and damagereduced.