CSR: Small: Collaborative Research: Smart Buttons: Bio-Enabled Wearable Devices

该项目旨在打造智能按钮，这是一款重量不到2克的生物可穿戴设备。将建立一个智能按钮网络，从每个人的几个按钮扩展到一个群体的100多个按钮。该网络同时记录、生成、编辑跨越各种场景、时标和物理设置的状态和交互数据。智能按钮平台将能够帮助领域科学家理解人类在人群中的姿势和行为以及社交互动。智能贡献包括一种新颖的生物使能设计哲学和一套将计算与生物使能功能无缝结合的具体方法。受试者(例如人)不仅被视为信息的来源，而且被视为功能的来源。与电子计算功能不同，生物启用功能是高度不可预测的，在测量和控制方面都具有固有的不确定性。这项研究探索(I)来自电子系统的计算如何与来自活着的受试者的物理生物使能功能相互作用，以及(Ii)如何整合这些功能。该提案工作首先展示了几个启用生物的功能及其有效性的案例，包括启用生物的接近检测、测距、启用生物的按需传感、启用生物的网络和能源管理。在这些案例研究之后，提取了可重复使用的模式，并得出了设计仿生可穿戴设备的原则和方法。这项研究的结果可以在未来被领域科学家用来支持(I)个人行为预测和概括，以及(Ii)群体社交建模和控制。这项工作的更广泛影响包括：(I)利用智能按钮技术分析教学效果，揭示教学环境中的问题和预期特征；(Ii)通过实际操作的智能按钮项目改进课程开发；(Iii)通过在开放日进行智能按钮演示，提高K-12学生和代表不足的少数群体对技术的兴趣；以及(Iv)支持有才华的女性和少数族裔博士生成功完成博士课程。智能按钮技术的最终影响是为行为/社会科学家提供一个低成本的开放实验平台，为一门新的社交互动科学奠定坚实的基础。基于生物反馈的原理可以为计算机系统的生物在环控制提供新的范式、原理、理论和方法。

This project aims to build Smart Buttons, a bio-enabled wearable device weighing less than 2 grams. A network of smart buttons will be built that scales from a few buttons for each person individually to over a hundred of buttons for a crowd. This network simultaneously records, generates, compiles posture and interaction data spanning various scenarios, time scales and physical settings. The smart button platform will be able to assist domain scientists in understanding human posture and behavior as well as social interaction in a crowd.The intellectual contributions include a novel bio-enable design philosophy and a set of concrete approaches to seamlessly integrate computation with bio-enabled functions. Subjects (e.g., humans) are treated not only as the source of information, but also as the source of functionality. Unlike electronic computation functions, bio-enabled functions are highly unpredictable and have inherent uncertainty in both measurement and control. The research explores (i) how computation from electronic systems interact with physical bio-enabled functions from living subjects, and (ii) how to integrate these functions. The proposal work first demonstrates a few cases of bio-enabled functions and their effectiveness, including bio-enabled proximity detection, ranging, bio-enabled on-demand sensing, bio-enabled networking and energy management. After these case studies, reusable patterns are extracted, and principles and methodologies to design bio-enabled wearable devices are derived. The results of this research can be used in the future by domain scientists to support (i) individual's behavior predictions and generalizations, and (ii) crowd social interaction modeling and control. The broader impact of this work includes (i) utilizing the smart button technology to analyze teaching effectiveness and reveal the issues and desired features in a teaching environment; (ii) improving curriculum development with hand-on smart button projects; (iii) raising interest in technology among K-12 students and under-represented minority groups through smart button demos in open houses; and (iv) supporting talented female and minority PhD students to successfully accomplish their doctoral studies. The ultimate impact of the smart button technology is to provide a low-cost open experimental platform for behavior/social scientists, leading to a solid foundation for a new science of social interaction. The principles based on bio-feedback can give rise to new paradigms, principles, theory and methods in computer system control with bio-in-the-loop.