CSR: Small: Maintaining System Operation in Wireless Sensor Networks Over Long Lifetimes

无线传感器网络技术正被考虑用于许多需要高可靠性和长寿命的现实世界应用。例如，新的低成本无线传感器网络（WSN）可以嵌入到大型城市摩天大楼中，以支持火灾探测和反应。这种系统必须可靠地探测到任何楼层的火灾，启动警报，通知消防站，并宣布和照亮出口路线。这些建筑被被动地监测危险，基本上无人看管。但是，这种系统需要对其操作有高度的信心，并且还必须能够证明它们（至少）在定期检查的基础上运行。这个项目决定了如何在运行时指定和支持一系列解决方案，这些解决方案使嵌入式系统能够提高信心并演示应用程序的可操作性。这个项目在很多方面都是新颖的。首先，它开发了一种需求语言，允许设计人员通过声明性语句、不变量和规则的组合来指定高置信度所需的运行时保证。该语言解决了应用程序语义、WSN的统计性质、成本、对系统性能的未来预测以及对各种机制的监视需求。它还允许自动生成代码。其次，开发了运行时保证方法和框架，以支持系统的特定演示？根据需要提供S关键功能，并提供一组定义良好的诊断功能，包括当系统无法满足其保证时的数据挖掘。第三，以新颖的方式创建和使用各种运行时机制，包括虚拟事件生成和真实事件重播。第四，随着系统的发展，用于理解应用于控制器设计的系统模型的解决方案被开发出来。第五，在应用领域中进行实现和评估。这项工作可能产生广泛的影响，因为WSN在工业工厂、家庭和辅助生活医疗保健以及交通中的应用存在类似的问题。开发了一套课程模块，并将其纳入弗吉尼亚大学目前的两门课程：无线传感器网络和网络物理系统。相应的教学材料（幻灯片和实验）可通过网络在其他大学使用。本研究通过工程学院少数民族事务办公室对少数民族学生进行匹配。

Wireless sensor network technology is being considered for many real world applications that require high reliability and long lifetimes. For example, new, low cost wireless sensor networks (WSN) can be embedded into large city skyscrapers to support fire detection and reaction. Such systems must reliably detect a fire on any floor, activate alarms, notify fire stations, and announce and illuminate egress routes. These buildings are passively monitored for hazards and are largely unattended. However, such systems require high confidence in their operation and must also be able to demonstrate that they are operational on a periodic inspection basis (at a minimum). This project determines how to specify and support, at runtime, a collection of solutions that enable embedded systems to improve confidence and demonstrate application operability. The project is novel in several ways. First, it develops a requirements language that permits designers to specify, via a combination of declarative statements, invariants, and rules, the runtime assurances required for high confidence. The language addresses application semantics, the statistical nature of WSN, costs, future predictions on system performance, and monitoring needs for various mechanisms. It also permits automatic code generation. Second, a runtime assurance methodology and framework is developed that supports specific demonstrations of a system?s key functional capabilities on demand and offers a well defined set of diagnosis capabilities including data mining when the system fails to meet its assurances. Third, various runtime mechanisms are created and used in novel ways including virtual event generation and real event replay. Fourth, as a system evolves solutions for understanding the system model as applied to controller design are developed. Fifth, an implementation and evaluation in an application domain is undertaken. Broad impact of the work is possible because similar issues exist for WSN applications in industrial plants, home and assisted living health care, and transportation. A set of course modules is developed and incorporated into two current course offerings at the University of Virginia: Wireless Sensor Networks and Cyber Physical Systems. The corresponding teaching materials (slides and labs) are available for use at other Universities via the Web. The School of Engineering Office of Minority Affairs is used to match minority students with this research.