Sensors for Critical Fault Location for Aging Wire Networks

用于老化有线网络关键故障定位的传感器

• 批准号: 0330465
• 负责人: Cynthia Furse
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Utah
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-09-15 至 2008-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0330465&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Sensors; Critical; Fault; Location; Aging

The National Transportation Safety Board, the Federal Aviation Administration, the Aviation Pilots Association, and the Naval Air Warfare Command have identified aging aircraft wiring as one of the most significant safety issues facing aviation today. Faulty wiring is believed to have caused the TWA Flight 800 and Swiss Air Flight 111 crashes. Dozens of other crashes (commercial and military) have been related to wiring faults as well. NASA, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the Consumer Product Safety Commission, the National Train Association, the US Airforce, Army, Navy, and Coast Guard, and the National Science Foundation participated in a joint review of wiring for the White House Commission, identifying it as an area of immediate critical national concern.In spite of the severity of the problem, the technology to inspect the wiring to prevent serious accidents is very limited. Aircraft wiring was meant to last the life span of an aircraft (originally assumed to be 10-15 years) without significant maintenance or inspection, so is "built into" the aircraft body and is extremely difficult to inspect or replace. Commercial aircraft now average 18 years old, and military aircraft average 16 years old. The most common method of inspecting aircraft wiring is visually checking common failure points looking for cracks or breaks the size of the head of a pin. Two other methods -- impedance / continuity testing and Time Domain Reflectometry require connecting/disconnecting wires in order to test them and are suspected of causing more damage than they prevent.

美国国家运输安全委员会、联邦航空管理局、航空飞行员协会和海军空战司令部已经确定，老化的飞机线路是当今航空业面临的最重要的安全问题之一。接线故障被认为是导致环球航空800航班和瑞士航空111航班坠毁的原因。其他数十起坠机事故（商用和军用）也与线路故障有关。美国国家航空航天局、核管理委员会、消费者产品安全委员会、国家火车协会、美国空军、陆军、海军和海岸警卫队以及国家科学基金会参加了白宫委员会对布线的联合审查，将其确定为国家直接关注的关键领域。尽管问题很严重，但检查线路以防止严重事故的技术非常有限。飞机布线本来是为了维持飞机的使用寿命（最初假设是10-15年）而不需要进行重大维护或检查，因此是“内置”在飞机体内的，很难检查或更换。商用飞机的平均机龄为18年，军用飞机的平均机龄为16年。检查飞机线路最常用的方法是目测检查常见故障点，寻找裂纹或针头大小的断裂。另外两种方法——阻抗/连续性测试和时域反射法需要连接/断开电线才能测试它们，并且被怀疑造成的损害比它们所防止的要大。