Do Anoxygenic Aerobic Photoheterotrophs Contribute to the Ecology of the Open Ocean?
缺氧需氧光异养生物对公海生态有贡献吗?
基本信息
- 批准号:0331449
- 负责人:
- 金额:--
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Standard Grant
- 财政年份:2003
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2003-03-19 至 2006-12-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Aerobic anoxygenic photoheterotrophs (AAPs), and their characteristic pigment, bacteriochloropyll a (BChla), were recently discovered throughout the surface waters of the open ocean (Kolber, 2000; Kolber, 2001). AAPs comprise upwards of about 11 % of the total microbial community, they are globally distributed in the euphotic zone, and display high levels of photosynthetic activity. More than twenty isolates have been obtained from different ocean basins. These organisms are facultative photoheterotrophs, and represent a potentially significant, but hitherto unrecognized component of the marine microbial community. Their potential role in the ecology of the upper ocean is determined by their contribution to the energy and carbon fluxes, and by their interactions with other components of marine ecosystems. To elucidate this role, this project is investigating mechanisms of photosynthesis, carbon fixation, and respiration in AAPs, to identify factors controlling expression of phototrophy vs. heterotrophy, and to estimate the extent of AAP-specific energy, carbon, and redox under varying environmental conditions. AAPs are readily cultivated on organic-poor media. The investigators are establishing a library of the open ocean isolates, and characterizing the phylogenetic relationship between AAPs from different geographical regions. AAPs use photosynthesis to produce ATP and to fix CO2. The investigators are characterizing the photosynthetic properties of AAPs, evaluating the effect of light on their carbon metabolism, and investigating the effect of photosynthesis on the incorporation of dissolved organic material (DOM). Where DOM is abundant, AAPs perform mostly heterotrophic metabolism, respiring the available organic carbon. When DOM is limited, AAPs synthesize photosynthetic pigments and reaction centers, shifting their metabolism toward phototrophy. The investigators are assessing the extent and the factors controlling these transitions. Unable to oxidize water, AAPs rely on other substrates to serve as electron donor(s). Although most of the photosynthetic electron transport in AAPs is cyclic, external electron donors are necessary to replenish the electrons lost to photosynthetic carbon fixation, or to external electron acceptors. The researchers are investigating which of the organic/inorganic reductants present in the upper ocean serve as potential electron donors to AAPs, and explore the AAP-mediated redox reactions, with particular emphasis on oxidation of the reduced sulfur species, and reduction of iron and nitrogen species. Phototrophy alleviates AAPs' dependence on the organic carbon, reducing the rates of carbon remineralization in the upper ocean, thus affecting the extent of new production. If effective in reducing iron and nitrogen species, AAPs will also affect the physiology of oxygenic phototrophs. By addressing these questions, this project is providing the most basic knowledge regarding the potential role of AAPs in the upper ocean ecology.
最近在整个开放海洋的表面沃茨中发现了好氧无氧光合异养菌(AAP)及其特征色素细菌叶绿素a(BChla)(Kolber,2000; Kolber,2001)。 AAP占总微生物群落的约11%以上,它们在全球范围内分布在真光区,并显示出高水平的光合活性。 从不同的海洋盆地获得了二十多个分离物。这些生物是兼性光异养生物,代表了海洋微生物群落的一个潜在的重要组成部分,但迄今尚未认识到。它们在上层海洋生态中的潜在作用取决于它们对能量和碳通量的贡献以及它们与海洋生态系统其他组成部分的相互作用。 为了阐明这一作用,该项目正在研究AAP的光合作用,碳固定和呼吸机制,以确定控制光养与异养表达的因素,并估计AAP特定能量,碳和氧化还原在不同环境条件下的程度。 AAP容易在有机物贫乏的培养基上培养。 研究人员正在建立一个开放海洋分离物库,并描述来自不同地理区域的AAP之间的系统发育关系。 AAP利用光合作用产生ATP并固定CO2。 研究人员正在表征AAP的光合特性,评估光对其碳代谢的影响,并研究光合作用对溶解有机物质(DOM)掺入的影响。 在DOM丰富的地方,AAP主要进行异养代谢,呼吸可用的有机碳。当DOM被限制时,AAP合成光合色素和反应中心,将其代谢转向光养。 调查人员正在评估控制这些转变的程度和因素。 由于不能氧化水,AAP依赖于其他底物作为电子供体。 尽管AAP中的大多数光合电子传递是循环的,但外部电子供体是必要的,以补充光合碳固定或外部电子受体所丢失的电子。研究人员正在研究海洋上层存在的有机/无机还原剂中的哪一种作为AAP的潜在电子供体,并探索AAP介导的氧化还原反应,特别强调还原硫物质的氧化以及铁和氮物质的还原。 光合作用增强了AAP对有机碳的依赖性,降低了海洋上层的碳矿化速率,从而影响了新生产的程度。 如果AAP在减少铁和氮物质方面有效,那么AAP也将影响产氧光合生物的生理。通过解决这些问题,该项目提供了关于AAP在上层海洋生态中的潜在作用的最基本的知识。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
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Zbigniew Kolber其他文献
Cold anticyclonic eddies formed from cold pool water in the southern Middle Atlantic Bight
- DOI:
10.1016/s0278-4343(97)00038-1 - 发表时间:
1997-12-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:
- 作者:
Charles N. Flagg;Douglas Wallace;Zbigniew Kolber - 通讯作者:
Zbigniew Kolber
Zbigniew Kolber的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Zbigniew Kolber', 18)}}的其他基金
SENSORS: Networked Oceanographic Sensor Array (NOSA) for Sensing the Chemical and Biological State of the Ocean
传感器:用于感测海洋化学和生物状态的网络海洋传感器阵列 (NOSA)
- 批准号:
1028920 - 财政年份:2010
- 资助金额:
-- - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
SENSORS: Networked Oceanographic Sensor Array (NOSA) for Sensing the Chemical and Biological State of the Ocean
传感器:用于感测海洋化学和生物状态的网络海洋传感器阵列 (NOSA)
- 批准号:
0428850 - 财政年份:2004
- 资助金额:
-- - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Do Anoxygenic Aerobic Photoheterotrophs Contribute to the Ecology of the Open Ocean?
缺氧需氧光异养生物对公海生态有贡献吗?
- 批准号:
0220955 - 财政年份:2002
- 资助金额:
-- - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
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